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人教版八年级下册 Unit 3 Growing Up单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. grow /ɡr / v. 成长；生长；种植（过去式：grew；过去分词：grown；短语：grow up 长大；grow into 成长为）
2. growth /ɡr θ/ n. 成长；生长（形容词：growing 成长中的；短语：the growth of... ……的成长）
3. childhood / t a ldh d/ n. 童年；幼年时代（短语：in one’s childhood 在某人的童年时期）
4. memory / mem ri/ n. 记忆；回忆（复数：memories；短语：sweet memories 甜蜜的回忆；in memory of 纪念）
5. problem / pr bl m/ n. 问题；难题（短语：solve a problem 解决问题；have a problem with 对……有困难）
6. trouble / tr bl/ n. 麻烦；烦恼；v. 使烦恼（短语：get into trouble 陷入麻烦；have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难）
7. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的（副词：bravely 勇敢地；名词：bravery 勇敢；比较级：braver；最高级：bravest）
8. thank /θ k/ v. 感谢；n. 感谢（短语：thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人；thanks to 多亏）
9. change /t e nd / v. 改变；变化；n. 变化；零钱（短语：change into 变成；a change of ……的变化）
10. experience / k sp ri ns/ n. 经历；经验；v. 经历；体验（短语：have experience in 有……经验；an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历）
11. used /ju zd/ adj. 习惯于；用过的（短语：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事）
12. independent / nd pend nt/ adj. 独立的（名词：independence 独立；短语：be independent of 不依赖……）
13. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 负责任的（名词：responsibility 责任；短语：be responsible for 对……负责）
14. challenge / t l nd / n. 挑战；v. 向……挑战（短语：face a challenge 面对挑战；take on a challenge 接受挑战）
15. achieve / t i v/ v. 实现；达到（名词：achievement 成就；短语：achieve a goal 实现目标）
16. overcome / v k m/ v. 克服；战胜（过去式：overcame；过去分词：overcome；短语：overcome difficulties 克服困难）
17. proud /pra d/ adj. 自豪的；骄傲的（短语：be proud of 为……自豪；take pride in 以……为傲）
18. grateful / ɡre tfl/ adj. 感激的（副词：gratefully；短语：be grateful to sb. 对某人心存感激）
19. confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的（名词：confidence 自信；短语：be confident in 对……有信心）
20. patient / pe nt/ adj. 有耐心的；n. 病人（名词：patience 耐心；短语：be patient with 对……有耐心）
21. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的（区别于alone“独自的”；短语：feel lonely 感到孤独）
22. miss /m s/ v. 想念；错过（短语：miss sb. 想念某人；miss a chance 错过机会）
23. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；支撑（短语：support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人；get support from 从……获得支持）
24. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励（名词：encouragement 鼓励；短语：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事）
25. mature /m t (r)/ adj. 成熟的；v. 成熟（比较级：more mature；最高级：most mature）
二、重点短语
1. grow up 长大；成长
2. in one’s childhood 在某人的童年时期
3. sweet memories 甜蜜的回忆
4. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
5. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
6. get into trouble 陷入麻烦
7. solve a problem 解决问题
8. overcome difficulties 克服困难
9. face challenges 面对挑战
10. be proud of 为……自豪
11. take pride in 以……为傲
12. be grateful to sb. 对某人心存感激
13. thanks to 多亏；由于
14. be responsible for 对……负责
15. be independent of 不依赖……
16. achieve a goal 实现目标
17. feel lonely 感到孤独
18. miss sb. deeply 深深地想念某人
19. support sb. through 支持某人度过
20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
21. look back on 回顾；回忆
22. grow into a(n)... 成长为一个……
23. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
24. make progress 取得进步
25. learn from mistakes 从错误中学习
三、重点句型
1. When I was young, I used to play hide-and-seek with my friends in the yard.（我小时候，常常和朋友们在院子里玩捉迷藏。）
2. I don’t used to like vegetables, but now I eat them every day.（我过去不喜欢吃蔬菜，但现在我每天都吃。）
3. It’s normal for teenagers to have some troubles while growing up.（青少年在成长过程中遇到一些烦恼是很正常的。）
4. I have learned to be independent since my parents often go on business trips.（自从父母经常出差，我已经学会了独立。）
5. Thanks to my teacher’s encouragement, I finally overcame my fear of speaking in public.（多亏了老师的鼓励，我终于克服了在公众面前说话的恐惧。）
6. My mother is proud of me because I got good grades in the exam.（妈妈为我感到骄傲，因为我考试取得了好成绩。）
7. How have you changed since you entered junior high school （自从进入初中，你发生了哪些变化？）
8. I feel grateful to my parents for supporting me in pursuing my hobby.（我感谢父母支持我追求自己的爱好。）
9. Growing up means taking more responsibilities for ourselves and our families.（成长意味着要为自己和家人承担更多责任。）
10. When I look back on my childhood, I always think of the happy days spent with my grandparents.（当我回顾童年，总会想起和祖父母一起度过的快乐时光。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. used to do sth. & be used to doing sth. & be used to do sth.
词汇短语 含义与用法 例句
used to do sth. 表“过去常常做某事”，强调过去的习惯或状态，现在已不如此 He used to ride a bike to school.（他过去常常骑自行车上学。）
be used to doing sth. 表“习惯于做某事”，to 是介词，后接动名词，强调当前的习惯 She is used to getting up early.（她习惯于早起。）
be used to do sth. 表“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形 Knives are used to cut things.（刀子是用来切东西的。）
2. lonely & alone
词汇 含义与用法 例句
lonely 形容词，表“孤独的、寂寞的”，侧重情感上的孤独；还可表“偏僻的” He felt lonely when he first moved to the new city.（他刚搬到新城市时感到很孤独。）/ It’s a lonely village in the mountains.（那是山里一个偏僻的村庄。）
alone 形容词或副词，表“独自的、单独地”，侧重物理上的独自一人，无情感色彩 She likes to stay alone in her room after school.（放学后她喜欢独自待在房间里。）/ He went to the park alone.（他一个人去了公园。）
3. proud & pride
词汇 含义与用法 常用搭配 例句
proud 形容词，表“自豪的、骄傲的”，多作表语 be proud of sb./sth. 为某人/某事自豪 I am proud of my sister’s achievements.（我为姐姐的成就感到自豪。）
pride 名词，表“自豪、骄傲”；动词，表“使自豪” take pride in sb./sth. 以某人/某事为傲；with pride 自豪地 She takes great pride in being a teacher.（她为成为一名教师而深感自豪。）
4. problem & trouble
词汇 含义与用法 搭配特点 例句
problem 可数名词，表“需要解决的难题、问题”，多与solve、deal with 搭配 solve a problem / deal with a problem 解决问题 Math problems are always difficult for him.（数学题对他来说总是很难。）
trouble 不可数名词，表“麻烦、烦恼”，多与get into、have、cause 搭配；也可指“具体的麻烦事”（可数） get into trouble 陷入麻烦；have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 He got into trouble for being late for school again.（他因为再次迟到而陷入麻烦。）
5. experience & experiment
词汇 含义与用法 例句
experience 作名词时，表“经验”（不可数）、“经历”（可数）；作动词时，表“经历、体验” He has rich teaching experience.（他有丰富的教学经验。）/ It was an unforgettable experience.（那是一次难忘的经历。）
experiment 作名词时，表“实验、试验”；作动词时，表“做实验” The students are doing a science experiment in the lab.（学生们正在实验室做科学实验。）
五、重点语法
1. used to do sth. 的用法
- 含义：表示过去常常做某事，而现在不再做了；也可用于否定句和疑问句，描述过去的习惯或状态。
- 句式结构：
① 肯定句：主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他
例：She used to live in a small town.（她过去住在一个小镇上。）
② 否定句：主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 + 其他 / 主语 + used not to + 动词原形 + 其他（后者较正式）
例：He didn’t use to like reading.（他过去不喜欢读书。）
③ 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他？ / Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形 + 其他？（后者较正式）
例：—Did you use to play the piano （你过去常常弹钢琴吗？）—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.（是的，我常弹。/不，我不常弹。）
2. 现在完成时表“过去的经历对现在的影响”
- 含义：强调过去发生的动作或经历，对现在造成了某种结果或留下了某种影响，常与already、yet、ever、never、since、for 等时间状语连用。
- 句式结构：
① 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
例：I have learned English for three years.（我学英语已经三年了。）（现在仍在学）
② 否定句：主语 + have/has not + 过去分词 + 其他
例：She hasn’t finished her homework yet.（她还没完成作业。）（现在作业仍未完成）
③ 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
例：—Have you ever been to Beijing （你去过北京吗？）—Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.（是的，我去过。/不，我没去过。）
3. 状语从句（when/since/while 引导）
- 含义：用于连接成长相关的时间、原因等逻辑关系，使句子更连贯，描述成长中的先后顺序或伴随情况。
- 典型句式：
① when 引导时间状语从句，表“当……时候”，可接短暂性动词或持续性动词
例：When I was six years old, I started to learn swimming.（我六岁的时候开始学游泳。）
② since 引导时间状语从句，表“自从……以来”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时
例：I have made many friends since I came to this school.（自从我来到这所学校，我交了很多朋友。）
③ while 引导时间状语从句，表“当……的时候”，从句常用持续性动词，强调主句和从句动作同时发生
例：My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.（我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。）
六、写作指导（描述成长经历/分享成长感悟）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明成长的主题，引出自己的成长经历或感悟 Growing up is a journey full of joys and challenges. Looking back on my growth, there is one experience that I will never forget.
主体 详细描述成长经历（时间、地点、人物、过程、遇到的困难及如何克服）或分点阐述成长感悟 It happened when I was... At first, I... Then, I met a problem that... With the help of... I finally... / From my growth, I have learned a lot. First, I realize that... Second, I understand that...
结尾 总结成长经历带来的收获，升华主题，表达对未来的期许 This experience made me grow up and become more... In the future, I will... Growing up means not only getting older but also becoming better.
2. 范文示例
A Valuable Growth Experience
Growing up is like climbing a mountain—we may face difficulties along the way, but every step forward brings us closer to maturity. One experience that taught me a lot happened when I was in Grade Seven.
At that time, our school held an English speech contest. I was very interested in it but also very nervous, because I was afraid of speaking in front of a large crowd. My English teacher noticed my hesitation and encouraged me to take part. She said, “Confidence is the key to success. Even if you don’t win, it will be a valuable experience.” With her support, I decided to have a try.
Preparing for the contest was not easy. I spent every evening practicing my speech after finishing my homework. At first, I often forgot my lines and spoke too fast. I felt frustrated and wanted to give up. But my teacher kept guiding me—she helped me correct my pronunciation and taught me how to control my speed. My parents also encouraged me, telling me that they were proud of my courage.
On the day of the contest, I stood on the stage with my heart beating fast. When I saw my teacher and classmates cheering for me, I felt more confident. I took a deep breath and began my speech. To my surprise, I spoke smoothly and clearly. In the end, I won the third prize.
This experience was a turning point in my growth. It made me realize that courage and perseverance can help us overcome any difficulty. I also learned that we should not be afraid of challenges, because they are opportunities to grow. Now, I am more confident and willing to try new things. Growing up is not just about getting older; it’s about becoming braver, more independent, and more responsible. I will carry this valuable experience with me and keep moving forward in my journey of growth.

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