Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元知识清单 人教版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元知识清单 人教版新教材英语八年级下册

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人教版八年级下册 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. wonder / w nd (r)/ n. 奇观;奇迹;v. 想知道;好奇(短语:natural wonders 自然奇观;wonder about 好奇……)
2. nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然;大自然(形容词:natural 自然的;短语:the beauty of nature 自然之美)
3. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的;天生的(名词:nature 自然;短语:natural scenery 自然风光)
4. mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山;山脉(复数:mountains;短语:mountain range 山脉;high mountains 高山)
5. lake /le k/ n. 湖;湖泊(复数:lakes;短语:a deep lake 深湖;by the lake 在湖边)
6. forest / f r st/ n. 森林;林区(复数:forests;短语:a thick forest 茂密的森林;in the forest 在森林里)
7. river / r v (r)/ n. 河;江(复数:rivers;短语:a long river 长河;along the river 沿河)
8. canyon / k nj n/ n. 峡谷(复数:canyons;短语:grand canyon 大峡谷)
9. waterfall / w t f l/ n. 瀑布(复数:waterfalls;短语:a beautiful waterfall 美丽的瀑布)
10. cave /ke v/ n. 洞穴;洞窟(复数:caves;短语:go into a cave 进入洞穴)
11. stone /st n/ n. 石头;石块(复数:stones;短语:a big stone 大石头;stone bridge 石桥)
12. rock /r k/ n. 岩石;石块;v. 摇晃(复数:rocks;短语:rock climbing 攀岩;hard rock 硬岩)
13. deep /di p/ adj. 深的;adv. 深深地(比较级:deeper;最高级:deepest;名词:depth 深度)
14. high /ha / adj. 高的;adv. 高地(比较级:higher;最高级:highest;名词:height 高度)
15. wide /wa d/ adj. 宽的;宽阔的(比较级:wider;最高级:widest;副词:widely 广泛地)
16. long /l / adj. 长的;adv. 长久地(比较级:longer;最高级:longest;名词:length 长度)
17. big /b ɡ/ adj. 大的;巨大的(比较级:bigger;最高级:biggest;同义词:large, huge)
18. amazing / me z / adj. 令人惊奇的;惊人的(动词:amaze 使惊奇;形容词:amazed 感到惊奇的)
19. beautiful / bju t fl/ adj. 美丽的;美妙的(副词:beautifully 美丽地;名词:beauty 美丽)
20. wonderful / w nd fl/ adj. 极好的;奇妙的(副词:wonderfully 极好地)
21. fantastic /f n t st k/ adj. 奇异的;极好的(副词:fantastically 奇异地)
22. locate /l ke t/ v. 位于;查找……的位置(形容词:located 位于……的;短语:be located in 位于……)
23. lie /la / v. 位于;躺;说谎(过去式:lay/lay;过去分词:lain/lied;短语:lie in 位于;lie on 位于……之上)
24. attract / tr kt/ v. 吸引;引起(名词:attraction 吸引力;形容词:attractive 有吸引力的;短语:attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人到某物)
25. view /vju / n. 景色;观点;v. 看待(短语:a beautiful view 美丽的景色;in view of 鉴于)
26. scenery / si n ri/ n. 风景;景色(不可数名词;区别于view“特定角度的景色”)
27. sight /sa t/ n. 景象;视力(短语:natural sights 自然景观;in sight 看得见)
28. journey / d ni/ n. 旅行;行程(复数:journeys;短语:a long journey 长途旅行)
29. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索;探险(名词:exploration 探索;explorer 探险家;短语:explore nature 探索自然)
30. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护;防护(名词:protection 保护;形容词:protective 保护的;短语:protect...from... 保护……免受……)
二、重点短语
1. natural wonders 自然奇观
2. the beauty of nature 自然之美
3. mountain range 山脉
4. in the forest 在森林里
5. along the river 沿河
6. grand canyon 大峡谷
7. a deep lake 深湖
8. high mountains 高山
9. wide river 宽阔的河流
10. long river 长河
11. be located in 位于……
12. lie in 位于
13. attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人到某物
14. beautiful scenery 美丽的风景
15. a wonderful view 美妙的景色
16. explore nature 探索自然
17. protect...from... 保护……免受……
18. rock climbing 攀岩
19. by the lake 在湖边
20. go into a cave 进入洞穴
21. natural sights 自然景观
22. one of the most amazing wonders 最令人惊叹的奇观之一
23. take a journey to 前往……旅行
24. be famous for 因……而著名
25. be known for 因……而闻名
26. in the middle of 在……中间
27. millions of 数百万的
28. at the foot of 在……脚下
29. look out over 俯瞰
30. be surrounded by 被……环绕
三、重点句型
1. The Grand Canyon is one of the most famous natural wonders in the world.(大峡谷是世界上最著名的自然奇观之一。)
2. This lake is so deep that no one knows its exact depth.(这个湖如此深,以至于没有人知道它的确切深度。)
3. The mountain range is located in the western part of the country.(这条山脉位于该国的西部。)
4. I have never seen such a beautiful waterfall before.(我以前从未见过如此美丽的瀑布。)
5. What makes the Great Barrier Reef a natural wonder (是什么让大堡礁成为自然奇观?)
6. The forest is home to thousands of kinds of animals and plants.(这片森林是数千种动植物的家园。)
7. It’s amazing that nature can create such wonderful sights.(大自然能创造出如此美妙的景观,真是令人惊叹。)
8. Many tourists are attracted to the natural beauty of this place every year.(每年都有许多游客被这个地方的自然美景所吸引。)
9. If you love nature, you should visit the Amazon Rainforest at least once.(如果你热爱自然,你至少应该去一次亚马逊雨林。)
10. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can look out over the whole city and the beautiful countryside.(站在山顶,我们可以俯瞰整个城市和美丽的乡村。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. nature & natural
词汇 含义与用法 例句
nature 名词,表“自然、大自然”,不可数;也可表“天性、本质” We should protect nature and live in harmony with it.(我们应该保护自然,与它和谐共处。)
natural 形容词,表“自然的、天生的”,修饰名词,可用于描述景物、性格等 The natural scenery in Guilin is world-famous.(桂林的自然风光举世闻名。)
2. view & scenery & sight
词汇 含义与用法 例句
view 可数名词,表“从特定角度看到的景色、风景”,侧重“视野所及的画面” From the top of the hill, we have a wonderful view of the sea.(从山顶上,我们能看到美丽的海景。)
scenery 不可数名词,表“某一地区的整体风景、自然风光”,侧重“整体环境的美景” The scenery in the countryside is quiet and beautiful.(乡村的风景宁静而美丽。)
sight 可数名词(常用复数sights),表“值得一看的景象、景观”,可指自然或人文景观 We visited many famous sights in Beijing, such as the Great Wall.(我们参观了北京许多著名的景点,比如长城。)
3. deep & depth
词汇 含义与用法 常用搭配 例句
deep 形容词,表“深的”;副词,表“深深地”,修饰名词或动词 a deep river 深河;dig deep 深挖 The river is too deep for us to swim in.(这条河太深了,我们不能在里面游泳。)
depth 名词,表“深度、深处”,不可数;也可表“深刻性” the depth of the lake 湖的深度;in the depth of 在……深处 We measured the depth of the pool and found it was 3 meters.(我们测量了水池的深度,发现它有3米深。)
4. high & tall
词汇 含义与用法 修饰对象 例句
high 形容词,表“高的”,可修饰山、楼、温度、速度等,应用范围广;也可指“抽象的高” 山、建筑、数值等 The mountain is 5,000 meters high.(这座山有5000米高。)
tall 形容词,表“高的”,侧重“细长的高”,多修饰人、树、电线杆等 人、树、细长物体 The tall trees provide shade for us in summer.(夏天,高大的树木为我们提供阴凉。)
5. lie (位于) & lay & lain
词汇 含义与用法 时态变化 例句
lie 动词,表“位于、躺”,不及物动词,无被动语态 原形:lie;过去式:lay;过去分词:lain;现在分词:lying The city lies in the south of the country.(这座城市位于该国的南部。)
lay 动词,表“放置、产卵”,及物动词;也是lie(位于)的过去式 原形:lay;过去式:laid;过去分词:laid;现在分词:laying She laid the book on the desk and left.(她把书放在桌子上然后离开了。)
五、重点语法
1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级(规则变化+不规则变化)
- 含义:用于比较人或事物的特征程度,比较级表“两者中更……”,最高级表“三者或三者以上中最……”,本单元侧重描述自然景观的特征对比。
- 变化规则:
① 规则变化:
- 单音节词和部分双音节词:直接加-er(比较级)、-est(最高级)(如:tall - taller - tallest;deep - deeper - deepest)
- 以e结尾的词:加-r(比较级)、-st(最高级)(如:nice - nicer - nicest;wide - wider - widest)
- 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词:变y为i加-er/-est(如:easy - easier - easiest;happy - happier - happiest)
- 重读闭音节词(辅+元+辅):双写尾字母加-er/-est(如:big - bigger - biggest;hot - hotter - hottest)
② 不规则变化:
- good/well - better - best;bad/badly - worse - worst;many/much - more - most;little - less - least;far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
- 句式结构:
① 比较级:A + be + 比较级 + than + B(A比B更……)
例:This river is longer than that one.(这条河比那条河长。)
② 最高级:A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of...)(A是……中最……的)
例:The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.(亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林。)
2. “one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构
- 含义:表示“……中最……之一”,强调某事物在某一范围内的突出地位,本单元常用于描述自然奇观。
- 句式结构:one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 + 范围(in/of...)
例:Mount Qomolangma is one of the highest mountains in the world.(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山之一。)
- 注意:此结构中,谓语动词用单数形式,因为核心主语是“one”。
例:One of the most beautiful natural wonders is the Great Barrier Reef.(最美丽的自然奇观之一是大堡礁。)
3. 定语从句(that/which 引导,初步接触)
- 含义:用于修饰前面的名词(先行词),补充说明该名词的特征或情况,本单元用于丰富自然景观的描述。
- 句式结构:先行词(名词)+ that/which + 从句(主谓结构)
例:The lake that/which is in the west of the city is very deep.(位于城市西部的那个湖很深。)
- 注意:先行词指物时,可用that或which;从句中的谓语动词需与先行词的单复数保持一致。
例:The forests that/which are in this area are home to many rare animals.(这个地区的森林是许多珍稀动物的家园。)
六、写作指导(介绍一处自然奇观)
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明要介绍的自然奇观名称,引出其重要地位或总体印象 There are many amazing natural wonders in the world, and one of my favorites is... It is famous for its unique beauty and is regarded as a treasure of nature.
主体 分点阐述自然奇观的基本信息(位置、规模、特征)、独特之处及价值 First, it is located in... Second, it is famous for its... It is so... that... Besides, it is not only a beautiful scenery but also an important habitat for...
结尾 总结自然奇观的意义,表达对自然的敬畏与保护之情 This natural wonder shows the magic of nature. We should protect it well so that future generations can also enjoy its beauty. Let’s cherish and respect nature together!
2. 范文示例
The Great Barrier Reef—A Natural Treasure
There are countless natural wonders on Earth, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is definitely one of the most amazing ones. It is not only a famous tourist attraction but also a precious treasure of the world’s ecosystem.
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the northeast coast of Australia. It is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching for more than 2,300 kilometers. It is made up of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands, covering an area of about 344,400 square kilometers. What makes it so special is its rich and colorful marine life. There are thousands of kinds of fish, corals, turtles, dolphins and other sea creatures living here, making it a “underwater paradise”.
The Great Barrier Reef is famous for its beautiful scenery. The clear blue sea water, the colorful corals and the lively fish form a stunning picture. When you dive into the water, you can see the magical underwater world clearly, which feels like entering a fairy tale. Besides its beauty, it also plays an important role in the global ecosystem. It protects the coastline from storms and provides a safe habitat for many endangered marine species.
However, this wonderful natural wonder is facing some threats, such as climate change and ocean pollution. It is our duty to protect it. We should reduce pollution, save energy and avoid doing things that harm the marine environment.
The Great Barrier Reef is a gift from nature. It shows us the magic and beauty of nature. Let’s work together to protect this precious natural treasure, so that it can continue to shine with its unique charm for generations to come.

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