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Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元知识清单 人教版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元知识清单 人教版新教材英语八年级下册

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人教版八年级下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. temper / temp (r)/ n. 脾气;情绪(短语:lose one’s temper 发脾气;Nature’s temper 自然的“脾气”<喻自然天气/灾害>)
2. weather / we (r)/ n. 天气(短语:weather forecast 天气预报;bad weather 恶劣天气)
3. storm /st m/ n. 暴风雨;v. 突袭(短语:rainstorm 暴雨;thunderstorm 雷暴;storm at sea 海上风暴)
4. typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风(短语:typhoon warning 台风预警;strong typhoon 强台风)
5. earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震(短语:strong earthquake 强震;earthquake rescue 地震救援)
6. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水;v. 淹没(短语:flash flood 山洪暴发;flood disaster 洪灾)
7. rain /re n/ n. 雨;v. 下雨(短语:heavy rain 大雨;pour with rain 瓢泼大雨;rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨)
8. wind /w nd/ n. 风;v. 缠绕(短语:strong wind 大风;hurricane 飓风;wind speed 风速)
9. snow /sn / n. 雪;v. 下雪(短语:heavy snow 大雪;snowstorm 暴风雪;light snow 小雪)
10. fog /f ɡ/ n. 雾(形容词:foggy 有雾的;短语:thick fog 浓雾;fog warning 大雾预警)
11. safe /se f/ adj. 安全的(名词:safety 安全;副词:safely 安全地;反义词:dangerous 危险的)
12. danger / de nd (r)/ n. 危险(形容词:dangerous 危险的;短语:in danger 处于危险中;out of danger 脱离危险)
13. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护;防护(名词:protection 保护;短语:protect...from... 保护……免受……)
14. warn /w n/ v. 警告;告诫(名词:warning 警告;短语:warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事;warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事)
15. escape / ske p/ v.&n. 逃跑;逃脱(短语:escape from 从……逃脱;fire escape 逃生通道)
16. survive /s va v/ v. 幸存;存活(名词:survival 幸存;survivor 幸存者;短语:survive an earthquake 从地震中幸存)
17. damage / d m d / v.&n. 损害;损坏(短语:cause damage to 对……造成损害;serious damage 严重损坏)
18. destroy /d str / v. 摧毁;毁灭(名词:destruction 毁灭;比damage程度更深;短语:destroy buildings 摧毁建筑物)
19. predict /pr d kt/ v. 预测;预报(名词:prediction 预测;短语:predict the weather 预测天气)
20. prepare /pr pe (r)/ v. 准备(名词:preparation 准备;短语:prepare for 为……做准备;prepare sth. 准备某物)
21. remain /r me n/ v. 保持;留下(短语:remain calm 保持冷静;remain safe 保持安全)
22. rescue / reskju / v.&n. 救援;营救(短语:rescue team 救援队;rescue sb. from 从……营救某人)
23. affect / fekt/ v. 影响(名词:effect 影响;短语:affect people’s lives 影响人们的生活)
24. disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难;灾害(短语:natural disaster 自然灾害;disaster relief 救灾)
25. shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难所;v. 庇护(短语:emergency shelter 应急避难所;take shelter 躲避)
26. report /r p t/ v.&n. 报道;报告(短语:weather report 天气预报;news report 新闻报道)
27. alarm / lɑ m/ n. 警报;v. 使警觉(短语:fire alarm 火警警报;alarm clock 闹钟)
28. calm /kɑ m/ adj. 平静的;v. 使平静(短语:stay calm 保持冷静;calm down 冷静下来)
29. sudden / s d n/ adj. 突然的(副词:suddenly 突然;短语:a sudden rain 突如其来的雨)
30. severe /s v (r)/ adj. 严重的;严厉的(短语:severe weather 恶劣天气;severe damage 严重破坏)
二、重点短语
1. Nature’s temper 自然的“脾气”(喻天气变化、自然灾害)
2. natural disaster 自然灾害
3. weather forecast 天气预报
4. heavy rain 大雨
5. strong wind 大风
6. heavy snow 大雪
7. thick fog 浓雾
8. typhoon warning 台风预警
9. earthquake rescue 地震救援
10. flash flood 山洪暴发
11. in danger 处于危险中
12. out of danger 脱离危险
13. protect...from... 保护……免受……
14. warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
15. prepare for 为……做准备
16. remain calm 保持冷静
17. escape from 从……逃脱
18. cause damage to 对……造成损害
19. rescue team 救援队
20. emergency shelter 应急避难所
21. take shelter 躲避
22. stay safe 保持安全
23. sudden storm 突发暴风雨
24. severe weather 恶劣天气
25. flood disaster 洪灾
26. thunderstorm 雷暴
27. fire escape 逃生通道
28. survive an earthquake 从地震中幸存
29. calm down 冷静下来
30. predict the weather 预测天气
三、重点句型
1. —What’s the weather like today / How’s the weather today —It’s rainy and windy.(—今天天气怎么样?—又下雨又刮风。)
2. The weather forecast says there will be a strong typhoon tomorrow.(天气预报说明天会有强台风。)
3. We should prepare enough food and water before the typhoon comes.(台风来之前,我们应该准备足够的食物和水。)
4. If there is an earthquake, remember to stay away from windows and heavy furniture.(如果发生地震,记得远离窗户和重型家具。)
5. It’s dangerous to go out during a flash flood—stay in a safe place.(山洪暴发时外出很危险,待在安全的地方。)
6. The heavy rain caused great damage to the crops in the countryside.(大雨对农村的庄稼造成了巨大损害。)
7. The government warned people not to live in low-lying areas before the flood.(洪水前,政府警告人们不要住在低洼地区。)
8. It’s important to remain calm when facing a natural disaster.(面对自然灾害时保持冷静很重要。)
9. Many people were rescued by the rescue team after the earthquake.(地震后,许多人被救援队救了出来。)
10. We should learn how to protect ourselves from natural disasters.(我们应该学会如何保护自己免受自然灾害的伤害。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. damage & destroy
词汇 含义与用法 例句
damage 强调“部分损坏、可修复”,可作动词或名词,程度较轻 The storm damaged several houses, but they can be repaired.(暴风雨损坏了几栋房子,但它们可以修复。)
destroy 强调“彻底摧毁、无法修复”,仅作动词,程度极重 The earthquake destroyed the whole village in a few minutes.(地震几分钟内就摧毁了整个村庄。)
2. safe & safety
词汇 含义与用法 常用搭配 例句
safe 形容词,表“安全的”,作表语或定语 be safe 安全;a safe place 安全的地方 After the flood, all the people were safe.(洪水过后,所有人都安全了。)
safety 名词,表“安全、安全性”,作主语或宾语 personal safety 人身安全;ensure safety 确保安全 We must put safety first when facing natural disasters.(面对自然灾害时,我们必须把安全放在第一位。)
3. warn & remind
词汇 含义与用法 常用搭配 例句
warn 强调“警告、告诫”,针对潜在危险或错误行为 warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事;warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事 The teacher warned us of the danger of swimming in the river.(老师警告我们在河里游泳有危险。)
remind 强调“提醒、使想起”,针对容易忘记的事情 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事;remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 She reminded me to take an umbrella before I went out.(我出门前,她提醒我带伞。)
4. prepare & prepare for
词汇短语 含义与用法 例句
prepare 及物动词,表“准备某物”,直接接宾语 My mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen.(妈妈正在厨房准备晚饭。)
prepare for 表“为……做准备”,for 后接准备的对象或目的 We are preparing for the coming typhoon.(我们正在为即将到来的台风做准备。)
5. in danger & dangerous
词汇短语 含义与用法 语法功能 例句
in danger 表“处于危险中”,强调状态 作表语或状语 The old building is in danger of falling down.(这座老建筑有倒塌的危险。)
dangerous 形容词,表“危险的”,强调事物的属性 作定语或表语 It’s dangerous to walk alone in the forest at night.(晚上独自在森林里走很危险。)
五、重点语法
1. 一般将来时(will/be going to)表天气预测
- 含义:will 和 be going to 均可表示对未来天气的预测,will 更客观,常用于天气预报;be going to 更强调根据迹象判断的“即将发生”。
- 句式结构:
① will 结构:主语(天气相关名词/it)+ will + 动词原形 + 其他
例:It will rain heavily this afternoon.(今天下午会下大雨。)
② be going to 结构:主语(it)+ am/is/are going to + 动词原形 + 其他
例:Look at the dark clouds—it’s going to storm.(看那些乌云,要下暴风雨了。)
③ 否定句:will not(won’t)/ am/is/are not going to + 动词原形
例:It won’t snow tomorrow.(明天不会下雪。)
④ 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形? / Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
例:—Will there be a typhoon next week (下周会有台风吗?)—Yes, there will.(是的,会有。)
2. 祈使句(肯定/否定)表警示、建议
- 含义:用于提出自然灾害防范的警示或安全建议,语气直接、坚定,主语常省略。
- 句式结构:
① 肯定句:动词原形 + 其他(表“建议/必须做某事”)
例:Stay in a safe place during the flood.(洪水期间待在安全的地方。)/ Follow the rescue team’s instructions.(听从救援队的指示。)
② 否定句:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他(表“禁止/不要做某事”)
例:Don’t go out during a thunderstorm.(雷暴天气不要外出。)/ Don’t stand near windows when there’s an earthquake.(地震时不要站在窗户附近。)
③ 强调式:Do + 动词原形 + 其他(加强语气)
例:Do stay calm when facing danger.(面对危险时一定要保持冷静。)
3. if 引导的条件状语从句
- 含义:表示“如果发生某种情况,就会产生某种结果”,常用于描述自然灾害发生时的应对措施,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
- 句式结构:
① 主句(一般将来时)+ if + 从句(一般现在时)
例:We will move to the emergency shelter if the flood comes.(如果洪水来了,我们就搬到应急避难所。)
② if + 从句(一般现在时)+ 主句(一般将来时)
例:If you hear the fire alarm, don’t use the elevator.(如果你听到火警警报,不要使用电梯。)
- 注意:从句中主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需用相应形式。
例:If the wind blows strongly, close all the windows.(如果风刮得很大,关上所有窗户。)
六、写作指导(介绍自然灾害防范方法/描述一次天气经历)
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明主题(自然灾害的危害/天气经历的背景),引出防范方法或经历的核心内容 Natural disasters can bring great damage to people’s lives. So it’s important to learn how to protect ourselves. / Last month, I experienced a terrible thunderstorm that I will never forget.
主体 分点阐述防范方法(具体措施、原因、注意事项)或天气经历(过程、应对、感受) To stay safe during... First, we should... Second, it’s necessary to... Third, remember not to... / When the storm came, I was... At first, I... Then, I... With the help of... I finally...
结尾 总结防范的重要性/经历的感悟,呼吁重视安全或敬畏自然 Learning these safety tips can help us survive natural disasters. Let’s pay attention to weather forecasts and protect ourselves well. / This experience taught me the power of nature and the importance of safety. We should always respect nature.
2. 范文示例
How to Protect Ourselves from Typhoons
Typhoons are common natural disasters in some coastal areas. They can bring strong winds, heavy rain and floods, which may damage houses, destroy crops and even threaten people’s lives. Therefore, learning how to protect ourselves during a typhoon is very important.
First, we should pay close attention to the weather forecast and typhoon warnings. Before the typhoon comes, prepare enough food, drinking water, flashlights and first-aid kits. It’s also necessary to check the doors and windows—close them tightly and fix loose objects outside, such as flower pots and clotheslines, to avoid them being blown away by strong winds.
Second, during the typhoon, stay indoors and don’t go out unless it’s an emergency. Avoid standing near windows, glass doors or balconies, because strong winds may break the glass and cause injuries. If you live in a low-lying area or an old building, move to a higher and safer place or an emergency shelter in time.
Third, after the typhoon, don’t rush to go out immediately. Pay attention to fallen trees, broken power lines and flooded roads. Don’t touch wet electrical appliances to prevent electric shocks. If you need help, call the emergency hotline for rescue.
In short, typhoons are powerful, but we can reduce the risk of danger by taking proper measures. We should always keep safety in mind, follow the safety guidelines and respect the power of nature. Only in this way can we protect ourselves and our families when facing typhoons.

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