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人教版八年级下册 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. cross /kr s/ v. 穿过；跨越；adj. 交叉的（短语：cross cultures 跨文化；cross the road 过马路）
2. culture / k lt (r)/ n. 文化；文明（形容词：cultural 文化的；短语：cultural differences 文化差异；traditional culture 传统文化）
3. cultural / k lt r l/ adj. 文化的；与文化相关的（名词：culture 文化；短语：cultural heritage 文化遗产；cultural exchange 文化交流）
4. custom / k st m/ n. 习俗；风俗（复数：customs；短语：local customs 当地习俗；follow the customs 遵循习俗）
5. manner / m n (r)/ n. 方式；态度；礼仪（复数：manners 礼貌；短语：table manners 餐桌礼仪；good manners 有礼貌）
6. greet /ɡri t/ v. 问候；打招呼（名词：greeting 问候；短语：greet sb. with a smile 微笑问候某人）
7. respect /r spekt/ v.&n. 尊重；尊敬（形容词：respectful 恭敬的；短语：show respect for 尊重……；respect sb.’s customs 尊重某人的习俗）
8. polite /p la t/ adj. 有礼貌的；客气的（副词：politely 礼貌地；反义词：impolite 无礼的；短语：be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌）
9. impolite / mp la t/ adj. 无礼的；不礼貌的（前缀 im- 表否定；短语：it’s impolite to do sth. 做某事是无礼的）
10. behave /b he v/ v. 表现；举止（名词：behavior 行为；短语：behave well 表现好；behave politely 举止礼貌）
11. exchange / ks t e nd / v.&n. 交换；交流（短语：cultural exchange 文化交流；exchange ideas 交流想法；exchange gifts 交换礼物）
12. tradition /tr d n/ n. 传统（形容词：traditional 传统的；短语：traditional festivals 传统节日；follow the tradition 遵循传统）
13. festival / fest vl/ n. 节日；adj. 节日的（短语：Spring Festival 春节；Christmas Festival 圣诞节；festival customs 节日习俗）
14. celebrate / sel bre t/ v. 庆祝；庆贺（名词：celebration 庆祝；短语：celebrate a festival 庆祝节日；celebrate success 庆祝成功）
15. difference / d fr ns/ n. 差异；差别（形容词：different 不同的；短语：cultural differences 文化差异；the difference between A and B A和B的区别）
16. similar / s m l (r)/ adj. 相似的（副词：similarly 相似地；短语：be similar to 与……相似；similar customs 相似的习俗）
17. abroad / br d/ adv. 在国外；到国外（短语：go abroad 出国；study abroad 留学；travel abroad 出国旅行）
18. foreign / f r n/ adj. 外国的；外来的（名词：foreigner 外国人；短语：foreign countries 外国；foreign culture 外国文化）
munication /k mju n ke n/ n. 交流；沟通（动词：communicate 交流；短语：cross-cultural communication 跨文化沟通；face-to-face communication 面对面交流）
20. misunderstand / m s nd st nd/ v. 误解；误会（过去式/过去分词：misunderstood；名词：misunderstanding 误解；短语：misunderstand sb.’s meaning 误解某人的意思）
21. value / v lju / n. 价值；v. 重视（形容词：valuable 有价值的；短语：cultural values 文化价值观；value respect 重视尊重）
22. acceptable / k sept bl/ adj. 可接受的；合意的（动词：accept 接受；短语：acceptable behavior 可接受的行为）
23. introduce / ntr dju s/ v. 介绍；引入（名词：introduction 介绍；短语：introduce oneself 自我介绍；introduce culture 介绍文化）
24. gift /ɡ ft/ n. 礼物；天赋（短语：give a gift 送礼物；gift-giving customs 送礼习俗）
25. invitation / nv te n/ n. 邀请；邀请函（动词：invite 邀请；短语：accept an invitation 接受邀请；refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请）
26. attend / tend/ v. 参加；出席（短语：attend a party 参加派对；attend a cultural event 参加文化活动）
27. polite /p la t/ adj. 有礼貌的（副词：politely；比较级：politer/more polite；最高级：politest/most polite）
28. proper / pr p (r)/ adj. 适当的；正确的（副词：properly 适当地；短语：proper behavior 恰当的行为）
29. avoid / v d/ v. 避免；避开（短语：avoid misunderstandings 避免误解；avoid doing sth. 避免做某事）
30. share / e (r)/ v.&n. 分享；分担（短语：share ideas 分享想法；share culture 分享文化）
二、重点短语
1. crossing cultures 跨文化
2. cultural differences 文化差异
3. cultural exchange 文化交流
4. local customs 当地习俗
5. table manners 餐桌礼仪
6. good manners 有礼貌
7. bad manners 没礼貌
8. show respect for 尊重……
9. be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌
10. it’s impolite to do sth. 做某事是无礼的
11. greet sb. with 用……问候某人
12. follow the tradition 遵循传统
13. traditional festivals 传统节日
14. celebrate a festival 庆祝节日
15. the difference between A and B A和B的区别
16. be similar to 与……相似
17. cross-cultural communication 跨文化沟通
18. go abroad 出国
19. study abroad 留学
20. foreign culture 外国文化
21. misunderstand sb.’s meaning 误解某人的意思
22. cultural values 文化价值观
23. introduce oneself 自我介绍
24. gift-giving customs 送礼习俗
25. accept an invitation 接受邀请
26. refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请
27. attend a cultural event 参加文化活动
28. proper behavior 恰当的行为
29. avoid misunderstandings 避免误解
30. share ideas 分享想法
三、重点句型
1. There are some big differences between Chinese culture and Western culture.（中国文化和西方文化之间有一些很大的差异。）
2. In China, it’s polite to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.（在中国，第一次见面时握手是有礼貌的。）
3. In Western countries, people usually greet each other with a hug or a kiss on the cheek.（在西方国家，人们通常用拥抱或亲吻脸颊的方式互相问候。）
4. It’s impolite to point at others with your finger in many cultures.（在许多文化中，用手指指着别人是无礼的。）
5. We should show respect for different cultures and follow local customs when traveling abroad.（出国旅行时，我们应该尊重不同的文化，遵循当地的习俗。）
6. Table manners are an important part of cultural differences. For example, Chinese people use chopsticks while Westerners use knives and forks.（餐桌礼仪是文化差异的重要组成部分。例如，中国人用筷子，而西方人用刀叉。）
7. My foreign friend was surprised to learn that we celebrate Spring Festival with family gatherings.（我的外国朋友得知我们通过家庭聚会庆祝春节时感到很惊讶。）
8. It’s important to learn about cross-cultural communication to avoid misunderstandings.（学习跨文化沟通很重要，这样可以避免误解。）
9. —What do people in Japan usually do when they greet each other —They usually bow to show respect.（—日本人互相问候时通常做什么？—他们通常鞠躬以示尊重。）
10. Cultural exchange helps us learn from each other and build better relationships between countries.（文化交流帮助我们互相学习，建立国家间更好的关系。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. custom & tradition
词汇 含义与用法 例句
custom 侧重“某一地区或群体的具体习俗、惯例”，可随时间变化，常用复数 It’s a local custom to eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival.（端午节吃粽子是当地的习俗。）
tradition 侧重“世代相传的传统、惯例”，更具稳定性和历史性，情感色彩更浓 Passing down folk songs is an important tradition in this village.（传承民歌是这个村庄的重要传统。）
2. polite & respectful
词汇 含义与用法 例句
polite 侧重“举止礼貌、言行得体”，针对日常交往中的行为规范 She is always polite to everyone, no matter how busy she is.（无论多忙，她对每个人都很有礼貌。）
respectful 侧重“内心敬畏、表示尊重”，针对对他人的地位、文化、习俗等的态度 We should be respectful of the elderly and their life experiences.（我们应该尊重老年人及其生活经历。）
3. difference & distinction
词汇 含义与用法 例句
difference 泛指“差异、差别”，可用于人、事、物，应用范围广，是最常用词 The main difference between the two festivals is their origin.（这两个节日的主要区别在于它们的起源。）
distinction 侧重“更细微、更正式的区别”，常指本质或类别上的不同，书面语中更常用 There is a clear distinction between cultural appreciation and cultural appropriation.（文化欣赏和文化挪用之间有明显的区别。）
4. foreign & overseas
词汇 含义与用法 例句
foreign 形容词，表“外国的、外来的”，修饰名词，应用范围广，可指国家、文化、人等 He is learning foreign languages to communicate with people from different countries.（他正在学习外语，以便与不同国家的人交流。）
overseas 形容词或副词，表“海外的、在海外”，更强调“跨越海洋的”，常用于修饰留学、贸易等 Many Chinese students choose to study overseas to broaden their horizons.（许多中国学生选择出国留学以开阔眼界。）
5. misunderstand & misinterpret
词汇 含义与用法 例句
misunderstand 侧重“因沟通不畅、信息不全而误解某人的意思或意图”，应用范围广 I misunderstood her words and thought she didn’t agree with me.（我误解了她的话，以为她不同意我的观点。）
misinterpret 侧重“对文字、信号、行为等的解释错误”，更强调“解读偏差” He misinterpreted the gesture, which is a friendly sign in his country but impolite here.（他误解了这个手势，在他的国家这是友好的信号，但在这里是不礼貌的。）
五、重点语法
1. it 作形式主语的句型（It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.）
- 含义：用于表达“做某事是……的”，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.，本单元常用于描述跨文化交流中的行为规范。
- 句式结构：
① 基本结构：It’s + 形容词（polite/impolite/important/necessary等）+ to do sth.
例：It’s important to learn about local customs before traveling abroad.（出国旅行前了解当地习俗很重要。）
② 否定式：It’s + not + 形容词 + to do sth.
例：It’s not polite to talk loudly in public places in many cultures.（在许多文化中，在公共场所大声说话是不礼貌的。）
③ 疑问式：Is it + 形容词 + to do sth.
例：—Is it necessary to bring a gift when visiting a foreign friend （拜访外国朋友时带礼物有必要吗？）—Yes, it is.（是的，有必要。）
2. there be 句型的各种时态（表“存在”）
- 含义：表示“某地/某时存在某物/某人”，本单元用于描述不同文化中存在的习俗、差异等。
- 句式结构：
① 一般现在时：There is/are + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
例：There are many traditional festivals in Chinese culture.（中国文化中有许多传统节日。）
② 一般过去时：There was/were + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
例：There was a big cultural exchange event in our school last month.（上个月我们学校举办了一场大型文化交流活动。）
③ 一般将来时：There will be / There is/are going to be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
例：There will be a lecture on Western table manners next week.（下周将有一场关于西方餐桌礼仪的讲座。）
3. 宾语从句（that/if/whether 引导，初步接触）
- 含义：用于表达对跨文化现象的看法、疑问或转述信息，从句作动词（know/think/believe/wonder等）的宾语。
- 句式结构：
① that 引导（表陈述事实）：主语 + 谓语动词 + that + 从句（that 可省略）
例：I know (that) people in India don’t eat beef.（我知道印度人不吃牛肉。）
② if/whether 引导（表疑问）：主语 + 谓语动词（wonder/ask等）+ if/whether + 从句（从句用陈述句语序）
例：She wonders if there are any differences in gift-giving customs between China and the US.（她想知道中美之间的送礼习俗是否有差异。）
③ 否定转移：主语（第一人称）+ don’t + 谓语动词 + that + 从句（否定含义转移到从句）
例：I don’t think it’s difficult to learn cross-cultural communication skills.（我认为学习跨文化沟通技巧并不难。）
六、写作指导（介绍中外文化差异/分享跨文化交流经历）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明跨文化主题，引出要介绍的文化差异或交流经历 Culture is like a colorful bridge connecting different people. There are interesting differences between Chinese culture and Western culture. / Last year, I had a wonderful cross-cultural communication experience with a foreign student.
主体 分点阐述文化差异（具体方面：问候、饮食、节日等+对比）或交流经历（过程、细节、感受） First, in terms of greeting... In China, people usually... while in Western countries, they often... Second, when it comes to... Besides,... / We met at... At first, we... Then, we talked about... I was surprised to learn that...
结尾 总结文化差异的意义/交流经历的感悟，呼吁尊重文化多样性 These cultural differences make the world more colorful. We should respect and understand different cultures. / This experience taught me that communication can break down cultural barriers. Let’s embrace cultural diversity and learn from each other!
2. 范文示例
Cultural Differences Between China and Western Countries
The world is a melting pot of different cultures, and each culture has its own unique customs and values. Among them, Chinese culture and Western culture have some interesting differences that are worth exploring.
First, the way of greeting is quite different. In China, when people meet for the first time, they usually shake hands and exchange polite greetings like “How do you do ” or “Nice to meet you.” For close friends or relatives, a smile and a friendly chat are common. However, in Western countries such as the US and the UK, people often greet each other with a hug or a light kiss on the cheek, even if they are not very close. This may seem strange to some Chinese people at first, but it’s just a way of showing friendliness.
Second, table manners also have big differences. Chinese people use chopsticks to eat, and it’s polite to serve food for others to show care. We often share dishes on the table and enjoy the meal together. On the other hand, Westerners use knives and forks. Each person has their own plate of food, and it’s not polite to take food from others’ plates without permission. Also, making noise while eating is considered impolite in Western culture, but it’s acceptable to slurp noodles in some Chinese regions as a sign of enjoying the food.
Third, festival celebrations reflect different cultural values. Chinese people attach great importance to family gatherings during festivals like Spring Festival. We go home to have dinner with our families, exchange gifts and watch the Spring Festival Gala. In Western countries, Christmas is the most important festival. People decorate Christmas trees, give gifts to friends and family, and attend church services. The core of both festivals is love and reunion, but the ways of celebration are quite different.
In my opinion, these cultural differences are not barriers but opportunities for us to learn from each other. We should respect different cultures, understand their customs and values, and communicate with an open mind. Only in this way can we build a more harmonious world where different cultures coexist and thrive.

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