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人教版八年级下册 Unit 8 Making a Difference单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. difference / d fr ns/ n. 差异；影响；作用（形容词：different 不同的；短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用；the difference between A and B A和B的区别）
2. make /me k/ v. 使；让；制作（过去式：made；过去分词：made；短语：make a difference 产生影响；make a decision 做决定；make progress 取得进步）
3. volunteer / v l n t (r)/ v. 自愿做；n. 志愿者（短语：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；volunteer for 为……志愿服务）
4. help /help/ v.&n. 帮助；援助（短语：help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事；help out 帮忙；ask for help 求助）
5. care /ke (r)/ v. 关心；在乎；n. 小心（形容词：careful 仔细的；caring 关心他人的；短语：care about 关心；care for 照顾；喜欢）
6. love /l v/ v.&n. 爱；热爱（短语：love doing sth. 热爱做某事；show love to 向……表达爱）
7. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护；防护（名词：protection 保护；短语：protect...from... 保护……免受……）
8. save /se v/ v. 拯救；节省；储存（短语：save lives 拯救生命；save energy 节约能源；save time 节省时间）
9. important / m p tnt/ adj. 重要的（名词：importance 重要性；短语：be important to/for 对……重要）
10. useful / ju sfl/ adj. 有用的；有益的（名词：use 用途；短语：be useful to/for 对……有用）
11. meaningful / mi n fl/ adj. 有意义的（名词：meaning 意义；反义词：meaningless 无意义的；短语：a meaningful life 有意义的生活）
12. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 负责任的（名词：responsibility 责任；短语：be responsible for 对……负责）
13. contribute /k n tr bju t/ v. 贡献；捐献（名词：contribution 贡献；短语：contribute to 为……做贡献；捐献）
14. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；支撑（短语：support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人；get support from 从……获得支持）
15. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励；激励（名词：encouragement 鼓励；短语：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事）
16. change /t e nd / v.&n. 改变；变化（短语：change the world 改变世界；a great change 巨大的变化；change one’s life 改变某人的生活）
17. improve / m pru v/ v. 改善；提高（名词：improvement 改善；短语：improve oneself 提升自己；improve the environment 改善环境）
18. donate /d ne t/ v. 捐赠；捐献（名词：donation 捐赠；短语：donate sth. to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物）
19. share / e (r)/ v.&n. 分享；分担（短语：share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物；share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦）
20. kind /ka nd/ adj. 善良的；友好的；n. 种类（名词：kindness 善良；短语：be kind to sb. 对某人友好；a kind of 一种）
21. generous / d en r s/ adj. 慷慨的；大方的（名词：generosity 慷慨；短语：be generous with sth. 在某物上慷慨）
22. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的（副词：bravely 勇敢地；名词：bravery 勇敢；短语：be brave enough to do sth. 足够勇敢做某事）
23. selfless / selfl s/ adj. 无私的（名词：selflessness 无私；反义词：selfish 自私的）
24. effort / ef t/ n. 努力；尝试（短语：make an effort 努力；spare no effort 不遗余力；with effort 努力地）
25. achieve / t i v/ v. 实现；达到（名词：achievement 成就；短语：achieve a goal 实现目标；achieve success 获得成功）
26. dream /dri m/ v. 梦想；渴望；n. 梦想（短语：dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事；realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想）
27. influence / nflu ns/ v.&n. 影响（短语：have an influence on 对……有影响；influence sb.’s decision 影响某人的决定）
munity /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；社群（短语：community service 社区服务；local community 当地社区）
29. society /s sa ti/ n. 社会（形容词：social 社会的；短语：social responsibility 社会责任）
30. world /w ld/ n. 世界；地球（短语：change the world 改变世界；all over the world 全世界；make the world a better place 让世界变得更美好）
二、重点短语
1. make a difference 有影响；起作用；产生变化
2. make a difference to 对……产生影响
3. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
4. community service 社区服务
5. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
6. help out 帮忙；协助
7. care about 关心；在乎
8. care for 照顾；照料；喜欢
9. protect...from... 保护……免受……
10. save lives 拯救生命
11. save energy 节约能源
12. be responsible for 对……负责
13. contribute to 为……做贡献；有助于
14. support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
16. change the world 改变世界
17. improve the environment 改善环境
18. donate sth. to 向……捐赠某物
19. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
20. be kind to sb. 对某人友好
21. make an effort 努力；尽力
22. spare no effort 不遗余力
23. achieve a goal 实现目标
24. dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
25. have an influence on 对……有影响
26. social responsibility 社会责任
27. all over the world 全世界
28. make the world a better place 让世界变得更美好
29. a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历
30. work together 共同努力
三、重点句型
1. Everyone can make a difference to the world no matter how small the effort is.（无论努力多么微小，每个人都能对世界产生影响。）
2. I volunteer to help clean up the community every weekend because I want to make it more beautiful.（我每周都自愿帮忙清理社区，因为我想让它变得更美丽。）
3. It’s our responsibility to protect the environment and save energy for future generations.（保护环境、为后代节约能源是我们的责任。）
4. She donated a lot of books to the children in poor areas to help them gain more knowledge.（她向贫困地区的孩子捐赠了很多书，帮助他们获取更多知识。）
5. My parents always encourage me to help others, saying that kindness can be passed on.（我的父母总是鼓励我帮助别人，说善良是可以传递的。）
6. Even small actions like saving water and reducing waste can contribute to protecting the earth.（即使是节约用水、减少浪费这样的小事，也能为保护地球做贡献。）
7. —How can we make a difference in our daily life —We can care for the elderly in the community or help our classmates with their studies.（—我们在日常生活中怎样才能产生影响？—我们可以照顾社区里的老人，或者帮助同学学习。）
8. This volunteer activity made me realize that helping others is not only meaningful but also brings happiness to myself.（这次志愿活动让我意识到，帮助别人不仅有意义，还能给自己带来快乐。）
9. He has been working hard to achieve his dream of making people’s lives better.（他一直努力实现让人们生活更美好的梦想。）
10. Working together, we can overcome any difficulties and make the world a more harmonious place.（携手合作，我们能克服任何困难，让世界变得更和谐。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. make a difference & have an influence
词汇短语 含义与用法 例句
make a difference 侧重“产生实际变化、起到积极作用”，强调结果上的改变，语气更积极主动 Your help made a big difference to the success of the project.（你的帮助对项目的成功起到了很大作用。）
have an influence 侧重“产生影响”，可指积极或消极影响，范围更广，语气较中性 The teacher’s words had a great influence on my decision to study hard.（老师的话对我努力学习的决定产生了很大影响。）
2. help & assist
词汇 含义与用法 例句
help 最常用，含义广泛，可指任何形式的帮助，口语和书面语通用 Can you help me carry this box （你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？）
assist 较正式，侧重“协助、辅助”，多指在他人主导下提供支持，常与in/with搭配 She assisted the doctor in performing the operation.（她协助医生进行手术。）
3. care about & care for
词汇短语 含义与用法 例句
care about 侧重“关心、在乎”，强调对某人/某事的重视或情感牵挂 He cares about his parents’ health very much.（他非常关心父母的健康。）
care for 侧重“照顾、照料”，尤指照顾老人、病人或小孩；也可表“喜欢”（口语） She spent a lot of time caring for her sick grandmother.（她花了很多时间照顾生病的奶奶。）/ I don’t care for spicy food.（我不喜欢吃辣的食物。）
4. volunteer & donate
词汇 含义与用法 常用搭配 例句
volunteer 侧重“自愿付出时间、精力做某事”，宾语多为动作或服务 volunteer to do sth.；volunteer for sth. Many students volunteered to clean up the park on weekends.（很多学生周末自愿去清理公园。）
donate 侧重“捐赠财物”，宾语多为金钱、物品等 donate sth. to sb./sth. He donated a large sum of money to the charity.（他向慈善机构捐赠了一大笔钱。）
5. meaningful & valuable
词汇 含义与用法 例句
meaningful 侧重“有意义的、有价值的”，强调能带来精神满足或有深层含义 It was a meaningful experience to work as a volunteer.（做志愿者是一次有意义的经历。）
valuable 侧重“有价值的、珍贵的”，强调事物本身具有实用价值或稀有性 The valuable advice from my teacher helped me a lot.（老师宝贵的建议帮了我大忙。）
五、重点语法
1. 动名词作主语/宾语（综合运用）
- 含义：动名词（doing形式）可作主语，表“做某事”这一行为；也可作动词（enjoy/like/volunteer/avoid等）或介词（in/of/for等）的宾语，本单元侧重表达公益行动、志愿活动等。
- 句式结构：
① 作主语：Doing sth. + 谓语动词（单数）+ 其他
例：Volunteering in the community makes me feel fulfilled.（在社区做志愿工作让我感到很充实。）
② 作动词宾语：主语 + 及物动词 + doing sth.
例：She enjoys helping the elderly with their daily life.（她喜欢帮助老人打理日常生活。）
③ 作介词宾语：主语 + 不及物动词/介词 + doing sth.
例：We should contribute to protecting the environment.（我们应该为保护环境做贡献。）
2. 情态动词 can/could/should/must 表责任、建议、能力
- 含义：can 表“能够、可以”，强调能力或许可；could 是 can 的过去式，语气更委婉；should 表“应该”，强调责任或建议；must 表“必须”，强调必要性。
- 句式结构：
① 肯定句：主语 + can/could/should/must + 动词原形 + 其他
例：We can save water by turning off the tap when not in use.（我们可以在不用水时关掉水龙头来节约用水。）
例：Everyone should take responsibility for protecting the earth.（每个人都应该承担起保护地球的责任。）
② 否定句：主语 + can’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/mustn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
例：We mustn’t waste food—many people in the world are still hungry.（我们禁止浪费食物，世界上还有很多人在挨饿。）
③ 一般疑问句：Can/Could/Should/Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：—Could I volunteer to organize the charity event （我可以自愿组织这次慈善活动吗？）—Yes, you can.（是的，你可以。）
3. 简单句与复合句的综合运用
- 含义：结合本册所学的状语从句（if/when/because等）、定语从句（that/which/who等），将简单句连接成逻辑连贯的复合句，提升语言表达的丰富度和逻辑性，本单元用于描述公益行动的原因、条件、结果等。
- 典型句式：
① 状语从句 + 主句
例：When we help others, we are also improving ourselves.（当我们帮助别人时，我们也在提升自己。）
例：We should try our best to protect animals because they are our friends.（我们应该尽力保护动物，因为它们是我们的朋友。）
② 主句 + 定语从句
例：The girl who volunteers at the animal shelter is my classmate.（在动物收容所做志愿工作的那个女孩是我的同学。）
例：This is a project that can help improve the lives of poor children.（这是一个能帮助改善贫困儿童生活的项目。）
六、写作指导（介绍一次公益活动/谈谈如何为社会做贡献）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明公益活动的主题或“为社会做贡献”的意义，引出核心内容 Making a difference to society is everyone’s responsibility. Last month, I took part in a meaningful volunteer activity that left a deep impression on me. / Everyone can do something for society, no matter how small the action is. Here are some ways I think we can contribute.
主体 分点阐述公益活动（时间、地点、过程、感受）或贡献方式（具体行动、理由、意义） First, the activity was held in... We gathered at... and then... During the activity, I... Second, I realized that... Besides,... / To contribute to society, we can first... Second, it’s a good idea to... Third, we should... These actions can...
结尾 总结活动收获或贡献的意义，呼吁大家积极行动 This volunteer activity taught me that small efforts can make a big difference. I will continue to take part in such activities. / In short, contributing to society is not difficult. Let’s take action and make the world a better place!
2. 范文示例
A Meaningful Volunteer Activity
As the saying goes, “Giving is better than receiving.” Participating in volunteer activities is a great way to help others and make a difference to society. Last weekend, I joined my classmates in a volunteer activity at a local nursing home, and it was one of the most meaningful experiences in my life.
The activity started early on Saturday morning. We gathered at the school gate and brought some fruits, flowers and hand-made cards for the elderly. When we arrived at the nursing home, the grandpas and grandmas were very happy to see us. We first helped them clean their rooms—sweeping the floor, tidying up the desks and making the beds. Some of my classmates chatted with the elderly, listening to their stories about the past. Others sang songs or performed small shows for them. I talked with an 80-year-old grandma who told me about her life when she was young. She was very grateful for our visit, and her smile made me feel warm and happy.
During the activity, I realized that the elderly in the nursing home are often lonely and need care and companionship. Our small actions—such as a chat, a song or a helping hand—can bring them great joy. It also made me understand the importance of responsibility. We should care for the elderly not only because they have worked hard for society but also because it’s a traditional virtue of our country.
After the activity, I felt a strong sense of fulfillment. I didn’t do anything grand, but my efforts brought happiness to others. This experience taught me that everyone can make a difference with kindness and care. In the future, I will take part in more volunteer activities, such as helping children in poor areas with their studies or cleaning up the community. I believe that if everyone contributes a little love, the world will become a more harmonious and beautiful place.
Let’s all be willing to give and help others. Small actions can add up to great changes. Together, we can make the world a better place for everyone!

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