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高考总复习：时间、原因、条件状语从句

真题再现
1. （2019陕西模拟）I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.
A. thought B. as if C. once D. so that
2. （2019重庆模拟）If you miss this chance, it may be years ____ you get another one.
A. As B. before C. since D. after
3. （2019天津模拟）We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as
4. （2019四川模拟）There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.
A. since B. until C. when D. before
5. （2019江苏模拟）It is so cold that you can’t go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes. A. if B. unless C. once D. when
6. （2019北京高考）You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
A. even though B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
7. （2019北京模拟）_____the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
1. C。句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though虽然；as if好像；once一旦；so that为了。所以选C。
2. B。此题考查的知识点是状语从句。句意：如果你错过了这次机会，也许要等若干年后你才能得到另一个机会。before引导的时间状语从句，在……之前还需要多长时间。故B正确。
3. C。本句考查的是时间状语从句的用法。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……时候；B. after在……之后；C. before 在……之前；D. as一边一边，强调动作同时进行。故选C。
4. D。句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演前，就剩一天时间了。since表示“自从……以来”。until表示“直到……”。when表示“当……的时候”，before意为“在……前”，符合题意。
5. B。本题考查状语从句连词的用法，句意为：外面很冷你不要出去，除非身上盖个厚厚的毯子。
6. B。句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。本题考查状语从句。even though即使； 虽然；as long as只要； as if犹如； 好像；ever since 自从。
7. C。句意：一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。本题考查状语从句。until“到……为止； 直到……才；”unless“如果不；除非”； once“一旦， 一经……便”；although“虽然； 然而；尽管”。
知识讲解
时间状语从句
一、普通从属连词
引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当……时），while（在……期间），as（当……，一边……一边……），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（从……以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一……就）等。
When I went into the classroom, he was reading.
He read a newspaper as he went along.
We must strike while the iron is hot.
I will tell you after they leave.
I told him to come back whenever he wants to.
I waited till/until she was back.
Once time is gone, you will never get it back.
注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
二、含 time的短语
可引导时间状语从句的 time 短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等。
Every time I listen to music, I’ll think of it. 每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
Each time she moved her head she let out a moan. 她每转动一下头，就发出一声呻吟。
三、表示“一……就……”
除as soon as外，还有三类：
名词型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；
副词型——immediately, directly, instantly；
句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…。
The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
I came immediately you called.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。
Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
四、对before从句的理解
before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……，趁着还没……就……，不知不觉就……，……才……”等。
I had not sat long before he came back. 我没坐多久他就回来了。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
I’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。
I will die before I will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。
五、对since从句的理解
1. since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词照字面意思理解。
I’ve been feeling down since I lost my job. 自从失去工作后,我的情绪一直处于低潮。
2. since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为现在完成时时，仍然按字面意思理解。
She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自从我住到城里，她就一直不来看我。
3. since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为一般过去时时，按与字面意思相反的意思理解。
I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。
4. since前有ever，或从句谓语动词是be且后接表示人成长过程中的某个阶段或年龄的名词、形容词时，仍然按字面意思理解。
I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我从还是个孩子时就一直住在这儿。
六、对till/until从句的理解
1. 主句为肯定式，主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词，且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止，可译作“（直）到……”。
He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回来。
2. 主句为否定式（包括含 no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句），若主句谓语动词是非持续性动词，则该动词所表示的动作在 until / till 从句表示的时间开始发生。一般先译从句“直到……”，后译主句，not 译成“才”，即“直到……才……”。
His mother didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着了，他母亲才离开。
Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散会才能离开。
3. 主句为否定式，若主句谓语动词是持续性动词，则须根据上下文去理解until/till从句的含义，一般译为“直到……才……”或“没有到……”。
He didn’t wait until/till I returned. 他没有等到我回来。
She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡着。
原因状语从句

引导词：because, as, since, for
—Why did you do it?
—I did it because I was angry.
It was because I was angry that I did it.
I didn’t help him, not because I was unwilling but because I was unable to.
only, just, simply, partly + because
You shouldn’t look down upon a man just because he is poorly dressed.
as（由于，因为）引导的从句一般放在主句之前，说明原因，后边的主句说明结果。主从句的内容同等重要。在主句之后时，语气更弱；类似一种附带的说明，在口语中使用较多。
As there was no answer, I wrote again.
I got home late as I had to walk all the way home.　
for是表示因果关系的并列连词，表示对主句内容的补充说明（可和because替换）或表示一种推测判断（不可用because）。它引导的从句不能放在句首；需有逗号与主句隔开。
He seldom goes out, for he is too old.
He must be asleep now, for there is no light on.
We listened attentively, for he was going to tell us who won it.
注意：以上连词不能与so同时使用。
条件状语从句
　条件状语从句主要由if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, provided that, in case 等引导。
I’ll fire if you come any nearer.
You could get a better job if you spoke a foreign language.
Unless you wear boots you may be bitted by snakes.
Unless I parted from Sheila, l could not keep up that struggle.
As long as you understand, we shall say no more about it.
You may use the room so long as you keep it clean.
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
Suppose/ Supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.
注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：
If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money.
巩固练习
一、句子翻译。下面句子都来自于2019年高考书面表达范文，请翻译成中文。
1. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting. (2019·全国新课标Ⅰ高考)
2. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning. (2019·全国新课标Ⅱ高考)
3. I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. (2019·安徽模拟)
4. If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. (2019·安徽模拟)
5. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information. (2019·北京高考)
6. When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. (2019·北京模拟)
7. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more. (2019·湖北模拟)
8. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. (2019·湖北模拟)
9. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration. (2019·陕西模拟)
10. If you want to learn it well, you should spend much time practicing Mandarin everyday. (2019·四川模拟)
11. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. (2019·浙江高考)
12. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. (2019·浙江模拟
二、完形填空
My husband Jeff and I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff last year just before Christmas. I did not have the __1___ or energy to carry out my traditional Christmas decorating and baking activities. What was the point, anyway? It was going to be a ___2__ Christmas after all.
___3__, the neighborly nature of west Nebraska residents started to trickle in.
There was a __4___ on the door one evening. It was Jeff’s new colleague, John Smith, and his wife, Phyllis. The Smiths had stopped by to ___5__ us to town with a loaf of home-made bread. They pointed out a __6___ on the porch(门廊). Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather and we had ___7__ a visit from the Browns, our across-the-street neighbors, who brought us a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies.
The __8___ feelings brought by these thoughtful gestures lasted longer than the food.
As Jeff and 1 were clearing pre-Christmas __9___ from our driveway, Ernie Guzman came over from next door to __10___ us to dig out.
Then, we received an invitation to ___11__ a Christmas Eve meal with our neighbors, Ernie and Nancy Sommer, and their _12____— a 90-year-old lady, who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.
Our Christmas Eve was quite merry, thanks to our ___13__ Our Christmas morning __14___ was special, thanks to the Smiths’ gift of bread. I was so __15___ for these gestures of welcome, especially during the holidays.
This year, we were again unable to be with our families for Christmas. The __16___ and work schedules just made things too difficult. __17___ that sense of Christmas isolation(孤立)all too well, we decided to try to round up some other folks who were __18___ in the holidays.
Lonely people are all around us, but most of us ____19_ notice them. Just take a look around you. Sometimes, the smallest __20___ gesture can make a world of difference.
1. A. chance B. time C. anxiety D. ability
2. A. merry B. free C. 1onely D. usual
3. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Somehow D. However
4. A. card B. sign C. knock D. note
5. A. welcome B. invite C. drive D. send
6. A. tree B. package C. mail D. flower
7. A. forgot B. arranged C. received D. missed
8. A. deep B. true C. warm D. mixed
9. A. snow B. rubbish C. dust D. 1eaves
10. A. teach B. help C. urge D. forbid
11. A. shore B. prepare C. taste D. exchange
12. A. aunt B. guest C. maid D. partner
13. A. folks B. relatives C. colleagues D. neighbors
14. A. call B. greeting C. breakfast D. meeting
15. A. sorry B. eager C. ready D. grateful
16. A. distance B. expense C. season D. situation
17. A. Studying B. Showing C. Knowing D. Discovering
18. A. alone B. busy C. happy D. active
19. A. always B. seldom C. finally D. usually
20. A. careful B. patient C. vague D. kind
三、阅读理解
A篇
The United States is marking the 40th anniversary of a law that requires schools using federal funds to provide male and female students with equal opportunities in sports and other programs. Supporters say Title IX has dramatically increased the number of female athletes in the country, but critics say that has come at a cost, reducing opportunities for young men to compete at the highest level of collegiate sports.
Title IX act of 1972 says schools receiving federal funds must not discriminate against males or females in programs such as sports. That has led universities to offer more scholarships to female athletes, giving many an education and a chance to compete.
Tina Thompson, the top scorer in the professional Women’s National Basketball Association, says scholarships made university affordable for her.
“I’m one of five children, so going to a university like Southern California was something that I probably would not have had the opportunity to go to, ”Thompson explained.
Since Title IX took effect, female U. S. athletes also have had increasing international success. The United States reached the Women’s World Cup final against Japan last year. But there is also some controversy.
Critics say the law actually discriminates against male athletes by pressuring universities to offer them fewer programs in low-profile sports, like wrestling. Many universities have eliminated some men’s teams to cut costs and to make sure they meet Title IX’s requirement for gender balance among programs.
Bryan Hazard, a head wrestling coach at Robinson Secondary School, hosted a tournament in northern Virginia. He said the university wrestling program that attracted him in high school was dropped because of Title IX.
“So, you know, is that fair? To me, it isn’t. I was one of the members, ”Hazard said.
Title IX supporters say schools often cut smaller men’s sports to maintain expensive American football and basketball programs. As the law marks its 40th anniversary, those supporters promise to keep fighting for more resources for girls’ sports.
1. According to the supporters, which event is NOT the effect of Title IX?
A. Tina Thompson had the opportunity to go to Southern California.
B. The United States reached the Women’s World Cup final last year.
C. The university wrestling program was dropped.
D. The number of female athletes in the country has increased.
2. The underlined word“low-profile”in the sixth paragraph means _________.
A. smaller B. affordable C. expensive D. violent
3. Which one is critics’ idea on Title IX?
A. Females in fact didn’t benefit a lot from it.
B. Males’ opportunities to compete have been badly influenced.
C. Expensive programs are difficult to maintain.
D. More federal funds should be offered to schools.
4. The best title of the text is ________.
A. 40-Year-Old Law Still Provides Sports Opportunities for Girls
B. Title IX Actually Discriminates against Male Athletes
C. The Resources for Girls’ Sports Need Increasing
D. Federal Funds Are Shared Unequally between Females and Males
5. What can we learn about Tina Thompson from the text?
A. She is a famous soccer player in the U. S.
B. Playing basketball is her part-time job.
C. It is a pity that she didn’t go to university.
D. She is a supporter of Title IX.
B篇（2019-2019学年北京四中试题）
Making Peace with Your Parents
As a teen, you’re going through big changes physically and mentally. Your interests are expanding. 6
Here is the challenge: Kids need to explore the world in new way, and parents need to protect them from the dangers that are out in that world. These conflicts can easily set off fireworks in otherwise calm houses. Sometimes conflicts can’t be avoided. But by paying attention to the building blocks of successful relationships, you can work towards making home a happy and healthy place for you and your parents.
For instance, try to find a time to talk when your parents are not angry, tired, distracted, or hungry. A good time to talk is when you’re all relaxed. Timing is everything. If the conversation begins to turn into an argument, you’d better calmly and coolly ask to stop the conversation for now. 7 Listen to what your parents are saying, and repeat it back to them. This shows them that you’re listening. 8
Respect is the building block of good communication. People who respect each other and care about each others’ feelings can disagree without things getting ugly. 9 How do you build trust? Trust comes by actually doing what you say you’re going to do. Some teens find that doing fun activities with their parents can improve their relationships. Sometimes we forget that parents are more than rule-makers-they’re interesting people who like to watch movies, and go shopping-just like their teenagers!
What do you do if you are trying your best, but your relationship with your parents continues to be rocky? 10 you can find supportive adults, such as a teacher or a coach, who can lend an ear.
Remember you can only change your own behavior; your parents are the only ones who can change theirs.
A. It also gives them a chance to clear things up if you’re not on the same page.
B. You can pick it up again when everyone’s more relaxed.
C. And then you’ll be able to accept what your parents say.
D. Faced with the challenge，children don’t know what to do.
E. You are more likely to get along with your parents and have more independence if your parents believe in you.
F. And your desire to take control of your own live is growing.
G. You may consider seeking outside help.
四、完成句子
1. Since she left home, I have been worried about her and _____________________________ at all. (sleep) 自她离开家，我一直担心她，因此睡眠一直不好。
2. By the day of the dance he still ____________ to speak to her in the way he wanted. (find) 直到舞会那天，他仍然没有找到以他想要的方式和她说话的机会。
3. Learning strategies, to ________________ (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
4. It is still under discussion________________________(是否替代旧车站)with a modern hotel or not. (replace)
5. You'd better take a sweater with you ______________ (以防天气变冷). (get)
6. ________(被解雇)by one company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)
7. Sorry I'll have to attend my appointment with the doctor this afternoon. It is ________________(太重要，不能错过). (too)
8. Thank you for your suggestion, Cathy. ____________________(没有更好的办法) than this to solve the problem, I think. (good)
五、书面表达
假设你是李明，你校高三年级正在组织北京大学(Beijing University)自主招生活动，请你根据以下要点提示给你在美国的表兄Brian写一封信。
要点：
1. 下周将进行校内选拔考试，凡通过该考试的同学将参加该大学于二月份组织的笔试和面试；
2. 你本人对此很感兴趣，正在积极备考；
3. 但你对英语没有把握，希望Brian给出一些有关英语学习的建议。
注意：1. 词数不少于120个；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得出现与本人及学校有关的任何真实信息。
参考词汇：选拔考试 the Selective Test
自主招生考试 the Admissions Examinations
注意：词数120左右；开头已为你写出，不计入总词数。
Dear Andy,
How is everything going?
I’m glad to know that _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
答案与解析
一、句子翻译
1.你可以写任何相关的内容，只要是有意思的事情。
2.如果你想跟我们一起去，请告诉我，我们会在上午九点在大门等你。
3.我真的非常想采访他，因为他不但是第一位进入太空的中国人而且也是世界最伟大的宇航员之一。
4.如果我能采访他，我会问他是什么让他成为一个宇航员，他是怎样训练的。
5. 如果你感兴趣的话，请告诉我，我会给你更多信息。
6.当老艺人来到我们教室的时候，我们热情欢迎，两个男孩帮他拿工具箱。
7. 如果我们有怀疑的习惯，比如我们被告知的东西是否都是真的，我们就能找到正确答案并且学到更多。
8.当我给老师看我的答案时，老师表扬了我的独立思考。
9. 如果您能考虑我的请求，我当不胜感激。
10.如果你想学好普通话，你应当每天花更多的时间练习。
11.当我有更好的主意的时候，我会坚持。
12.好的主意值得坚持，因为他们对我们所有的人有益。
二、完形填空
1. B。从上下文知，“我们”刚搬来，所以没有时间(time)和精力为传统的圣诞节做准备。
2. C。根据上下文可知，因为刚搬来，不能跟“我们”的家人一起过圣诞节，所以对“我们”来说，这将会是一个孤独的(1oneIy)圣诞节。
3. D。从下文知，“我们”的圣诞节因为当地居民的举动而变得不再孤独，这里表示转折，故选D项。
4. C。从下文知，有一天晚上有人来敲门，原来是Jeff的新同事John smith和他妻子Phylis。
5. A。Smith夫妇用自家做的面包欢迎(welcome)“我们”的到来。
6. B。门廊上放着一包东西，这是“我们”对街的邻居Brown夫妇送来的圣诞卡和圣诞饼干。
7. D。从下文知，门铃坏了，因此“我们”错过了Brown夫妇的来访。
8. C。同事和邻居对“我们”的关心带给“我们”的温暖远比食物带来的持续得长久。
9. A。从上文in the cold snowy weather可知，“我们”在清除路上的积雪。
10. B。这时“我们”隔壁的邻居Ernie Guzman过来帮忙。
11. A。“我们”被邀请去与邻居共享(share)平安夜晚宴。
12. B。从下文知，这是一位90岁的老太太，附近没有她的家人，所以她肯定是他们的客人(guest)。
13. D。从上一段可知，这个晚宴是邻居邀请“我们”参加的，所以“我们”感谢邻居。
14. C。由morning提示知，“我们”的圣诞早餐(breakfast)因为Smith夫妇送来的面包而很特别。
15. D。从语境知，“我”对邻居的这些欢迎方式非常感激(grateful)。
16. A。由于距离(distance)远和工作繁忙，“我们”还是无法与家人在圣诞节团聚。
17. C。“我们”知道那种圣诞节所带来的孤独感，所以决定把那些在圣诞节孤独的人聚集到一块儿过节。
18. A。见上题解析。
19. B。“我们”周围有很多孤独的人，但“我们”很少(seldom)注意到他们。
20. D。有时候微不足道的善举能发挥巨大的作用。
三、阅读理解
1. C。因为该项法律，摔跤项目减少，这是批评者的观点并非支持者的观点。
2. A。学校在摔跤这样的体育项目上投入减少，而根据最后一段可知，减少这样的项目是为了发展需要费用较多的足球和篮球，像摔跤这样的项目属于“smaller”，即不太引人注目的小项。
3. B。根据第一段的最后一句话可知批评者的观点。
4. A。概括全文可知，一项有40年历史的法律仍然生效，为妇女在体育和教育方面赢得了更多的机会。误解分析：B项只是反对者的声音，无法概括全文；文章并未提到目前妇女仍然获得较少资源而急需提高；男女资源分配不平衡也不是文章的主要内容。
5. D。根据第三段和第四段可知，她是该项法律的受益者，因而她是该法律的支持者之一。她是一名职业篮球运动员，故排除A和B项；她在法律的帮助下进入了大学，故排除C项。
6. F。上文说青少年的身心都经历挑战：兴趣在拓展，掌控自己生活的愿望也更强烈。二者用and连接表示并列。
7. B。空格处上一句为：发生争执后尽快停止对话。空白处接着说在放松的时候重拾这个话题。it指代上一句的the conversation。
8.A。上一句提到父母说话的时候倾听并重复，下一句说这样做的好处：如果你没有听明白的话有机会重新理清。
9. E。上一句说尊重彼此的人可以做到观点不同而事情不会恶化。选项E正好说尊重父母的话可以和父母相处顺利而且争取更多的独立。
10. G。空白的上句提到父母的暴力或虐待等行为，下一句说的是面对这种情况应该向外界求助。
四、完成句子
1. haven’t been sleeping well
2. had not found an opportunity/a chance
3. which (the) teachers attach/have attached 根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语，故完整答案为which (the) teachers attach/have attached。
4. whether the old bus station should be replaced
5. in case it gets cold (it should get cold)
6. That you are laid off/Being laid off
7. too important to be missed
8. There can't be a better way
五、书面表达
Dear Brain,
How is everything going?
I’m glad to know that our school has got an opportunity to help us to take the Admissions Examinations of Beijing University. Those who pass the selective test held by our school next week will get the chance to have the written exams as well as the interview by the teachers of Beijing University on February.
You know, I am a Senior Three now and it has long been my dream to study there. On one hand it can enrich my knowledge, offering more chances to reach the top of science. On the other hand I can experience a challenging life like you, which is beneficial for my career in the future. Therefore, I treasure this chance very much.
Now, I am trying my best to get ready for the coming exams, but I am not sure about English. Could you give me some advice on how to get well equipped with English knowledge before exams? I believe I will benefit a lot from your valuable and timely advice.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming

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