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高考总复习： 主谓一致


真题再现
1. （2019湖南高考）It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
2. One third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
3. —Is everyone here?
— Not yet... Look, there ______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
4. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
A. is B. are C. will be D. were
5. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
6. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
8. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
9. Such poets as Shakespeare _________ widely read, of whose works, however, some _________difficult to understand.
A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are
答案与解析：
1. A。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，宾语从句…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
2.A。“分数或百分数+of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词需要和of后面的名词保持一致，the country为不可数名词，谓语用单数；第二空前的主语中心词为可数名词citizens，谓语动词用复数形式are。
3. A。答句中there放在句首，使用了倒装句式，谓语动词应该和句子的主语the rest of our guests保持一致，用复数形式，排除B，C选项；D项为进行时表示将来，不符合问句的句意。
4. A。句子的主语为one of the arguments，应为单数，排除B项；根据题干中的at present排除C，D项，时态不对。
5. B。“either...or...”结构作主语，谓语动词单复数采用“就近一致”原则，本题中应当根据one of your students判断，选择单数形式。is to do...表示“应该参加”。
6. D。定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。
7. B。首先the only one of ….为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one是主语, 而非后面的复数women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除C, 故选B。
8. C。根据动名词短语作主语, 句子的谓语动词用单数形式, 由此排除B、D两项, 根据主语与caused的主动关系, 排除A项
9. A。主句中的主语应为poets, 谓语动词用复数, 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works, 谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。
知识讲解
单个主语
1.主语是who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest时，谓语须依具体情况而定。
Who’s the girl over there?
Who are the boys playing games there?
2. 表示总称意义的名词people 人们，人民), cattle, police，youth做主语时，谓语用复数形式。
English people are fond of talking about weather.
3. 主语是public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等名词时，指整体，谓语用单数；指成员，谓语用复数。
Our class is made up of fifty students.
His team are talking with the coach.
4. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，谓语动词只用单数。
Three years passes quickly.
5. 主语是news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名词，谓语也只用单数。
Physics is very interesting and useful.
6. 语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，谓语也只用单数。
The Arabian Nights is very interesting.
7. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语也只用单数。
Three and five is eight.
8. 主语是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等名词时，谓语用复数。
The trousers are not expensive.
9. 主语是kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的数而确定。
Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood.
10. 主语是a number of + 名词复数时，谓语用复数。
A number of students of our school come from the countryside.
11. 主语是the population时，谓语用单数。主语是分数 + population时，谓语动词用复数。
What is the population of your town?
About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.
12. 主语是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。
Every means has been tried but we can’t save him.
All the means have been tried but we can’t save him.
两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语
1. and, both...and 连接名词或代词做主语，谓语用复数。
He and she are good friends.
2. fork and knife, bread and butter；soda and water； coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等，谓语用单数。
Is the bread and butter enough for you two?
3. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 谓语用单数。
I’m told that the monitor and League secretary (班长兼团支书)is ill today.
4. and所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语用单数。
Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.
5. 主语是：连接词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词时，谓语就近一致。
Neither he nor you are to blame.
6.主语含介词in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所连接的两个名词时，谓语就远一致。
At the meeting, one in four is against the decision.
7. one and a half + 名词复数，many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two等做句子的主语时，谓语用单数。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.
8. one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语用复数。
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.
特殊情况：
1. The + 形容词做主语 指人做主语时，谓语动词复数；指抽象概念时用单数。
The decayed(腐烂的东西) has been thrown away.
2. 主语是非谓语动词短语、从句时，谓语用单数。
To keep on doing morning exercises is good.
Where we can get so much money is still a problem.
但what，who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。
What I want are these things.
3. 在强调句型“It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who …”中，be总是用单数形式；that / who后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。
It is you that are going to be invited to the party.
4. 定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。
The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister.
The children that are playing games over there are from Hunan.
5. 在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，
Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English.
Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.
6. there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接近be后面的名词的形式所决定。
There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.
7. 在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be动词总是为were的形式。
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.
巩固练习：
一、句子改错（每句有一处错误）
1. One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.（2019新课标高考）
2. Mom told me some basic step of baking. （2019陕西高考 ）
3. As I tell(told) you last time, I made three new friend here. （2019四川高考 ）
4. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting(trust) each other. （2019大纲卷高考）
5. We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.（2019辽宁高考 ）
6. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket…Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. （2019浙江高考 ）
二、单项选择
1. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ______ so small that a day is unimportant.?
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____yet.
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
3. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.?
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4. Most of what has been said about the Smiths________also true of the Johnson’s.?
A. are B. is? C. being D. to be
5. A poet and artist ________coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.?
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
7. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days.
A. are keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
8. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
9. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
10. No one in the department but Tom and I ____ that the director is going to resign.
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
11. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
12. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ___ 50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached
13. I told him what I was surprised _____ his attitude towards his study.
A. is B. was C. at is D. at was
14. —How are the team playing?
—They’re playing well, but one of them _______ hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
15. He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
16. As a result of destroying the forest, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land.
A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have
17. Every possible means ___ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used?
18. All the preparations for the task ______, and we are ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been completed
19. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
三、完形填空
Last Tuesday was rainy. Still, I drove to visit my daughter Carolyn and my grandchildren as I had promised. When I finally walked into Carolyn’s house and 1 them, she said, “Mom, you must go to see the narcissi(水仙花)before they are 2 . ”
“ 3 the narcissi, Carolyn! The road is 4 to drive on in the rain, and there is nothing in the world except you and these children that I want to 5 in such a bad weather!”
My daughter smiled 6 and said, “Trust me, Mom. You will never 7 yourself if you miss this experience. ”
After driving about twenty minutes, we saw a small church. On the far side of the church, I saw a sign 8 , “Narcissus Garden”.
We got out of the car, and I followed Carolyn down the path. Then, as we turned a corner, I looked up and was 9 . Before me lay the most amazing 10 . It looked as though someone had a great vat of gold and poured it over the mountain and its surrounding slopes. The flowers were 11 in swirling(漩涡状的) patterns, with various colors. Each different colored variety was planted in large 12 so that it swirled and flowed like its own river with its own unique color. “But who 13 this?” I asked Carolyn. “It’s just one woman,” Carolyn answered. She 14 a well-kept small house. We walked up to it. In the yard, we saw a poster. “Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking” was the 15 . The first answer was a 16 one. “50, 000 bulbs(球茎)”, it read. The second was, “One at a time, by one woman. Two hands, two feet, and one brain. ”The third was, “ 17 in 1966” .
This unknown woman had created something of indescribable 18 . Learn to move towards our goals one step at a time, learn to 19 what we are doing, and learn to use the time well. By doing so, we can 20 the world.
1. A. informed B. taught C. greeted D. invited
2. A. over B. lost C. bent D. broken
3. A. Sell B. Leave C. Water D. Forget
4. A. dangerous B. hard C. clean D. wide
5. A. see B. defeat C. instruct D. welcome
6. A. calmly B. proudly C. easily D. nervously
7. A. protect B. permit C. hate D. forgive
8. A. talking B. speaking C. saying D. knowing
9. A. inspired B. satisfied C. depressed D. shocked
10. A. progress B. sight C. place D. poster
11. A. planted B. cut C. stored D. pined
12. A. lines B. rows C. groups D. teams
13. A. won B. enjoyed C. discovered D. made
14. A. searched for B. pointed to C. looked at D. thought of
15. A. answer B. text C. headline D. meaning
16. A. beautiful B. lively C. wide D. simple
17. A. Appeared B. Began C. Paused D. Finished
18. A. beauty B. price C. concern D. value
19. A. describe B. divide C. love D. correct
20. A. explore B. change C. watch D. know
四、阅读理解
I never liked rings. I did not wear a high school ring, I did not wear a college ring, and I did not want to wear a wedding ring. This was not because I did not want people to know that I was married, but because I just did not feel comfortable with a ring on my finger.
After graduating from college I finally was about to “pop the question” to my high school sweetheart, Sharon Gail Weingarton, who was at my side continually after I was almost fatally injured during a robbery.
Sharon was the best—pretty, kind, sweet, and smart. However, what would she say when I proposed and said that I did not want to wear a wedding ring? I practiced what I was going to say to her. I thought long and hard. I finally decided that there was no answer to my dilemma. I would simply tell her, and then wait five minutes for the explosion.
So that night I proposed, and afterwards I told Sharon that I was not going to wear a ring. I simply said, “I just don’t like rings. I didn’t wear a high school ring...” I expected Sharon to become enraged：“WHAT DO YOU MEAN YOU’RE NOT GOING TO WEAR A WEDDING RING?”
However, instead, I merely heard silence. After what in my mind seemed like an eternity, Sharon calmly remarked, “Fine. If you don’t want to wear a wedding ring. I won’t change my name. I will not call myself Sharon Segal. ”
On our fifteenth anniversary, I remembered the first lesson of marriage that was taught to me by my wife Sharon Gaff Segal as I looked down upon the ring on my ring finger.
1. Why didn’t the author want to wear a wedding ring?
A. Because he was still a student and was afraid of being punished by the school.
B. Because his marriage wasn't permitted by his parents.
C. Because he felt uncomfortable with a ring on his finger.
D. Because he wanted to keep his marriage a secret.
2. The underlined word“enraged”in the fourth paragraph probably means .
A. angry B. calm C. satisfied D. caring
3. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?
A. Sharon agreed to marry the author though he didn’t want to wear a wedding ring.
B. Sharon agreed to marry the author but she wouldn’t wear a wedding ring, either.
C. If the author wouldn’t wear a wedding ring, Sharon wouldn’t marry him.
D. If the author wouldn’t wear a wedding ring, he had to wait for a long time.
4. Which of the following quotes is suitable to describe the above story?
A. It’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
B. A man’s wife has more power over him than the state has.
C. Husbands are awkward things to deal with; even keeping them in hot water will not make them tender.
D. Choose a wife by your ear than your eye.
五、书面表达
(2019 浙江高考)
在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题，用英文写一篇100～120个词的短文。要求如下：
1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；
2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。

When I Have a Different Opinion
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、句子改错
1. 从下文看出Tony的爸爸妈妈都在，而且下文也出现了parents。所以parent改成复数。
2. 不止一个步骤，step改为steps；
3. friend为可数名词，three friend应为three friends.
4. 本句的主语是the understanding….,单个的动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，mean改为means.
5. 本句的time表示“次数”，是可数名词，前面有several修饰，应该是复数形式。time改为times。
6. 句中的stranger就是指的上文的票的主人，是单数。所以strangers改为stranger.
二、单项选择
1. A。句意为：……几天和几周的时间是如此的渺小，以至于一天根本微不足道。本句用来陈述事实，用一般现在时态；空白处所在句子的主语是the time，谓语动词应用单数形式。
2. A。根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态，故排除B；又因为when and where表示单数意义，故排除D；再根据句末的yet可知，最好用现在完成时，故选A最佳。
3. D。当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。此处one-third应是one-third of the notebook computers的省略形式，因此谓语动词用复数，且句子的时态用了过去时，所以D项正确。
4. B。名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。另外句中be true of意为 “对……也适应”。
5. A。由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”判断，此处应用现在进行时表将来，故排除C、D两项。“a poet and artist”指一位诗人兼画家，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
6. C。从语法讲解的角度来看，主语The father是单数概念，尽管后面跟有as well as his three children，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。every Sunday afternoon in winter暗示该空为经常性、习惯性动作，因此应用一般现在时。从命题方式的角度看，此题学生易弄混淆主语为his three children而出错，在主语后添加his three children容易误导学生对主语的判断。
7. C。a number of为量词短语，表示“许多……”，中心词是这个短语所修饰的复数名词，所以作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of表示“……的数量”，后接复数名词，其中，中心词为number，因此谓语动词用单数。由此可以排除B；同时，“these days”表明是现在的一种状态，句子应为一般现在时，因此应填keeps，选C。如你所见，现在路上的车子的数量不断增加。
8. C。首先，especially those from the countryside是修饰women的，可以把它抛开不看，句子精简后就是，a large number of women____ (in) the clothing industry，因为a large number of是很多的意思，所以用动词一般现在时的复数形式。
9. B。he was used to是定语从句，作the country life的定语。即The country life (that) he was used to has changed greatly since 1992。
10. A。这个句子中，谓语动词取决于主语No one。可把这个句子写成：No one in the department knows that the director is going to design but (=except Tom and me)。原句中的 I 正规的语法中应该是me。这句话的意思是说，整个部门除了我和Tom没有人知道老板要辞职的事情。主语是“no one”所以用knows第三人称单数。
11. D。主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。
12. B。本句话的真正主语应该是the sales，即书的销量达到50,000,000。
13. D。be surprised at为固定搭配，at不能省略，它后面的宾语是what；what I surprised at充当told后面宾语从句的主语，是一个what引导的名词性句子，后面的谓语动词应该用单数，且和主句用一般过去时，从句对应也要用过去时。因此，正确答案是D。
14. A。首先从，主谓一致入手，one of them为单数主语，可以先排除C和D；根据句意，“有个人受伤了”应该是一般过去时，因此答案为A。
15. D。定语从句先行词前有the only修饰，从句中谓语动词只能用单数；同时，for three years说明用现在完成时。
16. B。a large number of修饰可数名词，所以先排除A和C项；desert为不可数名词，后面的谓语动词应该用单数has，所以正确答案是B。
17. C。主语的means为单数名词，意思是，“手段、方法”，因此，要先排除B和D项；根据句意，“所有阻止空气污染的方法都用过了，但空气还是不干净。”，可见，此处应该用现在完成时。因此答案应为C。
18. D。首先，根据句意，“所有的准备工作都已经做完了，我们准备开始做”可见此处应该用现在完成时；其次，preparations为复数，即主语为复数，所以用have，故正确答案为D。
19. C。分数表示法：分母序数词，分子基数词，若分子大于一，分母要用复数。同时，分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词由该名词决定。“五分之二”应为“two fifths”；land是不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。答案为C。
三、完形填空
1. C。从空前的I finally walked into Carolyn’s house可知，“我”刚走进女儿家，因此与他们打了招呼。
2. A。联系空前的you must go to see the narcissi before可知，女儿认为“我”最好趁着水仙花败落之前去欣赏一下。
3. D。联系The road is 4 (hard)to drive on in the rain，and there is nothing in the world except you and these children可知，“我”不想去看水仙花，因此说，忘了水仙花吧。
4. B。联系空后的in the rain可知，在雨中开车是很艰难的。
5. A。这是“我”对女儿提出的Mom, you must go to see the narcissi的反驳，在这么糟糕的天气里，你们是“我”唯一想看到的。
6. A。联系空前的My daughter smiled可知，听了“我”的抱怨，女儿平静地笑着说：“相信我，妈妈。如果你错过了这次机会，你永远都不会原谅你自己的。”
7. D。联系空后的if you miss this experience可知，女儿坚持让“我”去看水仙花，觉得如果“我”错过了这个机会，“我”会后悔的。
8. C。从空前的sign以及空后的Narcissus Garden可知，在教堂的远处，“我”看到了一个标牌，上面写着：水仙花花园。
9. D。联系下文的Before me lay the most amazing 10 (sight)可知，看到眼前的这一大片水仙花的景象，“我”顿时惊呆了。
10. B。空后的It looked as though someone had a great vat of gold and poured it over the mountain and its surrounding slopes是对眼前景象的描述，因此我们可以得出答案。
11. A。从空后的in swirling patterns可知，作者在讲述这些花被种植的形状。
12. C。联系空后的so that it swirled and flowed like its own river with its own unique color可知，同一种颜色的水仙花被种在一起。
13. D。从下文“It’s just one woman”可知，“我”问女儿，是谁种的这片水仙花。
14. B。从a well-kept small house可知，她指着远处的一处小屋说，就是住在那里的一位女士种的。
15. C。联系后文可知，接下来是三个问题，因此空前的一句话是标题。
16. D。联系后文的50,000 bulbs可知，第一个问题只回答了有多少株花的问题，因此第一个答案很简单。
17. B。从in 1966可知，她从1966年开始种植水仙花。
18. A。这里的something of indescribable beauty指这一大片水仙花，联系前文对于水仙花的描述，可知，这位女士创造了一处令人难以置信的美景。
19. C。联系空后的and learn to use the time well可知。作者认为一次向目标迈进一步，热爱我们正在做的事情，利用好时间，这样我们就能改变这个世界。
20. B。由这名妇女一株一株地种植水仙花，把它们变成美景可知，我们能改变世界。
四、阅读理解
1. C。由第一段最后一句“…but because I just did not feel comfortable with a ring on my finger. ”可知C项正确。
2. A。由后面的话“WHAT DO YOU MEAN YOU’RE NOT GOING TO WEAR A WEDDING RING?”你不戴结婚戒指是什么意思，可知作者原以为Sharon会暴怒，故选A项。
3，C。由Sharon所说的话“If you don't want to wear a wedding ring. 1 won’t change my name. 1 will not call myself Sharon Segal. ”可知，她将不把自己的姓改随丈夫的姓，根据西方的风俗，言外之意，就是不结婚了，故选C项。
4. B。由最后一段“…I remembered the first lesson of marriage that was taught to me by my wife Sharon Gail Segal as I looked down upon the ring Oil my ring finger. ”可知作者最后屈服了，戴上了婚戒，因此B项，一个妻子的权利超过国家。为最佳选项。
五、书面表达
When I Have a Different Opinion
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself freely.
Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer camp. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
When I Have a Different Opinion
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism. I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.

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