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1228090011049000Unit1 Topic１
Section A
1.be（am/is/are）going to+动词原形
（1）表将来：计划，打算，准备去做...,常与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am going to play soccer tomorrow.
（2）表推测Look at the sky.It is going to rain.看天空，好像即将要下雨了。
一般疑问句结构：Be +主语+going to do?
---Are you going to go shopping this afternoon?---Yes,I am./No,I am not.
be动词随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事，表示看见事件、行动的全过程；
see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事，强调事件、行动正在进行
He saw her cross the road.他看见她穿过了马路。
I saw her dancing at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我看见她正在跳舞。
类似用法的动词还有feel,hear,watch,listen to等。
3.during the summer holidays在暑假期间during在...期间，相当于in。
4.against（介词）对着，反对，靠着Everyone is against him.每个人都反对他。
play against同…比赛Our team will play against their team.
play with sb.同某人一起玩play with sth.玩弄某物
I often play with my friends. The cat is playing with a ball.
against作为介词，还有“紧靠；倚”的意思。Eg:
Put the piano there,against the wall.把钢琴放在那，紧靠着墙。
5.hope常用于以下两种结构：
（1）hope to do sth.希望做某事。I hope to study in Beijing.我希望在北京读书。
（2）hope+that从句，that可以省略。I hope(that)you will win.
6.win赢，赢得，过去式为won。winner胜利者
7.cheer...on（以欢呼）激励某人，为某人加油,向某人欢呼
cheer on sb.（具体名词）eg：We all cheer on the little girl.我们都为这小女孩加油。
cheer sb.（具体名词）/人称代词 on.
eg:We all cheer the little girl on./we all cheer her on.
8.Which sport do you prefer,...or...?=Which sport do you like better,...or...?你更喜欢哪种运动？ 回答用I prefer...=I like...better.我更喜欢... prefer过去式preferred
prefer sth.更喜欢某物He prefers apples.他更喜欢苹果。
prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事、宁愿做某事
Many students prefer playing basketball.许多学生更喜欢打篮球。
prefer to do sth.更喜欢去做某事、宁愿做某事
I prefer to read English in the morning.我喜欢在早上读英语。
prefer doing sth.与prefer to do sth.的区别：
prefer to do sth.强调特定的或某此具体的动作，即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么，表示暂时性的喜欢。
prefer doing sth.强调一般性倾向，即对某种行为的偏爱,表示长时间的，一贯性的喜欢。
prefer sth to sth.和...相比更喜欢...
Most of the students prefer cycling to walking.和走路比起来，大部分的学生更喜欢骑自行车。
9.Do you often...?=Do you ... much?你经常做...吗？
Do you often...?肯定回答：Yes,I do.否定回答：No,I don’t.
Do you ... much?肯定回答：Yes,quite a bit/a lot.否定回答：No, seldom.
在肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，(very)much和quite a bit/a lot一样，常与行为动词连用，用来描述某个动作发生的频率，或与表示情感的动词连用，表示情感的深浅程度。
I go to that shop so much.我经常光顾那家商店。
quite a bit/a lot 许多，大量quite a lot of 后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。
e.g. He read quite a lot of books.他读了许多书。
We got quite a lot of information on the Internet.我们在网上得到许多信息。
quite a few 意为“相当多、颇有几个”。后接可数名词的复数。
e.g. Quite a few students are reading books.相当多的学生在读书。
10.join加入，参加
join+sb.加入某人的行列，和某人一起Our teacher is going to join us to go climbing.我们的老师即将加入我们的队伍去爬山。
join+组织：加入某个组织They are going to join the drawing club next term.他们下学期即将参加一个绘画俱乐部。
join in+活动：参加某项活动=take part in=be in
Is he going to join in the soccer match next week?=Is he going to take part in the soccer match next week?他下一周即将去参加足球赛吗？
Section B
What’s your favorite sport?=What sport do you like best?
2.play for+a team为某队而效力。Eg:Yao Ming plays for the Houston Rockets in the NBA.姚明在NBA中为休斯顿火箭队而效力。
Play in/on+a team在某队打球。in/on+a team在某队
Eg：He’s going to play on/in the team this year.他今年将在这支球队里面打球。
play against sb./a team和某人/某队比赛
3.dream （名词） 梦；梦想 （动词）做梦；梦想
eg. Her dream was to be a famous writer.她的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
I dreamed about you last night.我昨晚梦到你了。
4.What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大后想做什么？
be going to特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？
when引导的时间状语从句中，当主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词则需要用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）
grow up长大成人，成长。grow过去式为grew,译为“生长”时为不及物动词（后不可直接加宾语），译为“种植”时为及物动词（后可直接加宾语）。
Eg: He left his hometown when he grew up.当他长大之后他就离开了家乡。
I grew some vegetables in the garden.我在花园里种了一些蔬菜。
5.in the future今后
Section C
1.twice两次once一次, 三次或三次以上用"基数词+times"表示,three times三次
2.go mountain climbing去爬山climb the mountain爬山
3.spend sth.(in) doing sth.花时间/金钱做某事spend sth.on sth.花时间/金钱在某物
He spends a lot of time playing/on computer games.他花了很多时间打游戏。
She spends much money(in) buying/on clothes.她花了很多钱在买衣服上。
拓展：take,cost和pay也可指花费，但用法不同。
take的主语一般是一件事，只用于固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。 Eg:It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.每天做作业花费我一个小时的时间。
cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”。用于sth. costs(sb.) some money结构中。
The book cost me 30yuan last week.上星期买这本书花了我30元。
pay的主语是人，pay也可与for构成词组pay...for。
He paid 5 yuan for this pen.他买这支钢笔花了5元钱。
4.good,well两者都表示“好”的意思。
（1）good只作形容词She is a good teacher.她是一位好老师。
（2）well既可作副词，也可以用作形容词，作形容词只表示“身体好”。
Tom speaks Chinese very well.汤姆汉语讲得很好。
He is not well today.他今天身体不舒服。
5.be good at sth./doing sth.=do well in在某方面做得好，擅长做某事
Eg：Jane is good at English.简擅长英语。
6.There be句型用在一般将来时There is/are going to be...=There will be...将会有....
There is going to be a soccer game tonight.=There will be a soccer game tonight.今晚将会有一场足球赛。
There be...某地有某物；have/has某人有...
7.the long jump跳远the high jump跳高
8.make/keep sb./sth. +形容词:使某人/某物保持... make him strong使他强壮起来
make sb./sth. do sth.使某人/某物做某事He made the girl cry.他把这个女孩弄哭。
9.be/become popular（with sb.）受喜爱的，受欢迎的
This song is very popular with young people.这首歌很受年轻人欢迎。
10.all over到处，处处，遍及... all over the world全世界
11.be good for对...有益、有好处be bad for对...有害、有坏处
12.the day after tomorrow后天
13.keep fit=keep healthy保持健康keep fit尤其指人通过经常锻炼而获得健康
14.relax（动词）放松，轻松relaxed（形容词）放松的，轻松的
Section D
1.arrive in/at到达....，如果接地点副词，则不需要用介词。
in+较大的地、大地点（大城市、大的空间）at+较狭窄或较小的地方、小地点（小村庄、小城镇） He arrived in Beijing last night.他昨晚到达北京。
They arrive at school at 7:30 every morning.他们每天早上7:30到达学校。
扩展：get,reach都有“到达”的意思，但用法不同：
get常与to连用，接地点副词时，同样不需要介词to。Eg：
He got to school late this morning.今天早晨他上学迟到了。
How can I get there?我怎样才能到那儿？
reach是及物动词，其后可直接接宾语。Eg：
When did you reach the station?你什么时候到车站的？
2.play against同...进行比赛
3.It’s too bad/that...=It’s a pity that...=It’s a shame that...：很遗憾...
4.leave离开 leave +地点名词：离开（某地）leave for+地点名词：动身去某地
leave A for B离开A地而后前往B地
Eg:My father is leaving for Canada tomorrow.我父亲明天要动身去加拿大。
My father is leaving China for Canada tomorrow.我父亲明天离开中国到加拿大去。
表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,fly，start等可用现在进行时表示即将要发生的动作。I’m coming.我来了。What time is the movie starting?电影什么时候开始？
5.练习：
（1）She likes music.She will spend a lot of money________CDs.
A.buys B.buy C.buying D.bought
（2）He is good at volleyball.He tries his best_______the school volleyball team.
A.join B.take part in C.to join D.to take part in
Do you like swimming?Swimming is a good way________fit.
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.keeps
（4）Doing sports can make us______.We all like it.
A.healthy B.health C.sad D.angry
（5）Walking is______legs and hearts.
A.good at B.good to C.good for D.good with

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